“Climate is what we expect; weather is what we get” [Mark Twain]
Sik leh sa (Climate) hi a danglam fo va, khawvel inher dan avang te leh khuarel thil thleng hrang hrang avangin a danglam ve fo thin. Kum zabi 21-na chhoah hian sik leh sa danglam dan hi a nasa zual niin mithiam ten an sawi thin. Chutih rual chuan mi thenkhatte chuan “Political propaganda thar mai mai a ni lo maw? Sik leh sa te chu hman ata tawh a danglam chho ve reng lo’m ni?” An ti ve bawk.
Khawvel chanchin kan thlir chuan Climate change hi a thleng fo tih chu a chiang reng a. Geological time scale hrang hranga ice age an tih te hi Climate change vanga awm a ni a, khawvel inher dan phung tura Pathianin a lo ruahman lawk (natural cycle) anga a kal chuan Climate change hian thil nung (nungchate leh thlai lam chi hrim hrim) a nghawng dan hi a zia awm thei a, a chhan chu zawi muang a thleng a nih avangin nungchate an lo insiamrem theih vang a ni (adaptation).
Tuna mithiam ten an buaipui sik leh sa danglam erawh hi chu a rangin a chak êm êm a, khuarel kalphung pangai piahlama chak leh rang a nih avangin nungcha te leh mihringte ngei pawhin insiamrem kan harsat a. Tin, a nghawng a nat êm avang leh khawvel pum a nghawng avangin buaina a thuahhnih a, he harsatna hian ziaawm lam aiin zual lam a pan zel bawk avangin he khawvel hi chhe maithei dinhmunah a ding mêk a ni.
Khawvel ram hrang hranga thing leh thlai, ramsa leh nungcha insem darh dan te pawh hi sik leh sain a nghawng a ni thui hle a. Sik leh sa, ram leilung a zirin thlai a insem darha, chumi ei tur nungcha a awm leh a, chung nungcha te ei tur chu nungcha dang a awm chhawng leh thin. Tun tumah hian sik leh sa danglam avanga thlai leh nungcha ten an tawrh tur lam emaw, chumiin a nghawng chhawng leh lam emaw, hri a lo pun theih dan emaw lam ni lovin, sorkar inrelbawlna leh kalphung thlenga nghawng theih dan kawng hnih lek kan thlir dawn a ni.
Climate change refugee
Genesis-ah chuan Pathianin Nova hnenah tui a let tawh loh tur thu chhinchhiah nan chhimbal a hman thu kan hmu a. Kristian tan chuan tui let emaw, tuifinriat chim chin sang emaw hi awih harsa tak a ni maithei. Khawvel sik leh sa danglam zel avangin chhim tawp leh hmar tawpa vur te a tui ral mêk a. Vur tuiin tuifinriat chim chin a tihsan chhoh zel avangin khawmual a chim chho tan a, kum têlin a zual zel bawk si avangin mithiam ten mutmawh hnar mawhah an nei a ni. Nova hunlaia tuilêt ang êm a nasa chu a ni kher lo maithei, mahse tun aia tuifinriat chim chin hi feet khat emaw leka a san vaih chuan khawvel chawkbuai thei khawpa tihbaiawm a nih avangin ngaihthah mai chi a ni lo.
Tuifinriat chim chin lo sang zel hian nasa takin nghawng a nei dawn a. A bikin tuipui kama cheng te phei chu a nghawng nasa zual dawn a ni. Ram changkang an ni emaw, ram thanglai an ni emaw tuipui kam, tuifinriat kama awm tawh phawt chu pakhatmah a zuah dawn lo. London-a Thames luikama tuikhuahna bangpui an siam pawh hian kum 2030 thleng chauh Lodon khawpui hi a chhanhim thei dawn niin an chhut bawk. Tuipui kama mihring te chenna leh ramngaw te chu tuifinriat chim chin sang hian a chim vek dawn avangin, In leh lo chenna tur neilo an pung dawna, eizawnna neilo an pung dawn bawka, ramngaw a chereu phah dawn bawk. Chuvang chuan “Climate refugee” an tih tam tak an awm phah dawn a ni.
Thliarkara cheng te phei chuan nasa lehzuala an tawrh dawn avangin UN chuan kum 2014-a World Environment day thupuiah pawh “Raise your voice not the sea level” tih thlangin, nasa takin Climate change chungchang hi a lo tlangau pui nghe nghe tawh a nih kha. Zirmiten an chhut dan chuan tuifinriata thliarkar te hi karlovah a tuiin chim pil mai dawn niin an chhut a. Pacific tuifinriat chhim lama thliarkar ram pakhat Tuvalu chuan an hmabak hi an chiang hle a, kum 1998 atang khan ram hrang hrangah zualkoin an khua leh tui, tuifinriat chim chin sang zelin a tihbuai te, tana pem phalsak turin a ngen a. New Zeland chuan kumkhatah Tuvalu khua leh tui mi 75 zel an rama pem luh a phalsaka, kum 30 chhung kalpui turin an inbuatsaih mêk a ni.
Tun anga khawvela a lum zel a, sik leh sa a mumalloh chhoh zel chuan tun kum zabi (21st century) laihawl velah hi chuan Bangladesh ram hmun ruk a thena hmun khat, za-a sawmpathum, chu tuiin a chim pil dawn nia chhut a ni a, chumi chhunga cheng mihring maktaduai tam tak te chu loh theihlohva an insuan a ngai dawn a. Ram dangah an pem emaw, anmahni ram chhung hmun dangah emaw an insuan a ngai dawn tihna a ni a, an ram sorkarin ruahmanna a siam thei bawk.
Chu tak chu India ram, a bikin Bangladesh ramri-a awm, State te hi an tuartu kan ni ve thei ngei dawnin a lang. Heng Climate refugee te hian Mizoram chu an rawn thleng pha kherlo maithei, mahse, Climate refugee te khawthlang atanga khawchhak lama rawn tawlh chho zelin Mizoram hnaih lam Bangladesh-a chêng, hnam chekhnawk zawk te hi an nêk chhuak ngeiin a rinawm. Chu’ng miten an nekchhuah te tlanna hnai ber tur chu Mizoram hi a ni tlat. Nêk an nih hma pawha an duh duha Mizoram leh Bangladesh an kar tawn theih lai hian nêkna leh engemaw boaruak deuh hnuaiah chuan an rawn luh zut zut hi a rinawm tak zet a ni. He thil hi ngaihtuah ngun ngai tak a ni. Sorkar hian tun atanga hma a lak chhoh tan a tul viauin a lang.
Land Use System – Policy
Indopui pahnihnain a hrinchhuah pawimawh tak chu “National Forest Policy 1952” a ni a. Ram venhim nan Ramngaw tha neih a lo tul zia an hrechhuak a ni. Chumi kal zelah chuan kum 1988 khan National Forest Policy 1952 chu thlirnawnin, saimthat ngai te siamthain National Forest Policy 1988 chu duan a ni leh ta a. NFP 1988 hian hmathlir thui tak neiin, phai zawlah ramngaw 30% leh tlangramah ramngaw 60% turin a duang a. Chumi chu chak lehzual rawn kengkawhin Tlangramah, keimahni huan ngei ngei a mi pawh thing kan duh anga kan lak a rem ta lova, sorkar phalna lak hmasak zel a lo ngai ta a ni.
Sik leh sa danglam zel hi a venna tha ber chu ramngaw humhalh a ni a. Kum 1988-a ramngaw za 60 kha nakin lawkah chuan kan kham khawp tawh dawn lo tih a chiang hle. Chumiin a nghawng tur lian tak chu ei leh bar zawnna kawng a ni a, ram leilung kan hman dan nasa takin a nghawng dawn a ni.
Nasa lehzuala ramngaw humhalh a tul a, chutih rual chuan phai lam mite nun dawng dah leh hmasawnna nia an ngaih, khawvel tichhe mek si avanga keinin kan ram kan duh ang leh kan mamawh anga kan hmang theilo thin lai hi thil runthlak ber mai chu a ni! National standard tlin tum avanga inhruatrual hmuk mai te, National Standard aia sang zawk fe (State of Forest Report 2015 in a tarlan danin tuna Mizoram forest cover area hi 91.47% a ni) nei mêk te tana hamthatna emaw, inhriatthiamna emaw a awm chuang miahlo hi huan neitu tam tak te rumna thlentu a ni. Sik leh sa hi khawvel pumah hetiang zel a a danglam a nih chuan tuna min khuahkhirh dan aia nasa hian min khuahkhirh dawn a ni tih hi thil chiang tak a ni.
Phaia cheng, mihausa te leh Sorkara tlatlum tak tak, sumdawng (corporate) lianhoin ‘development’ hming chhala an vela ramngaw an tih chereu avang te, hmasawnna ni a an ngaih nawmsakna thil hrang hrangin kan khawvel a nghawng chhe mêk a, chumi beih leta, tih ziaawm nan keini tlangram a mi te min hmang zel a. Zawnga tuar ai Ngauin kan tuar a ni.
Climate change avangin kan Land Use system hi kan ram mil nilovin, phai ram mila min her rem sak an tum dawn. A mi chenga te ngaihtuah lem lovin Land Use system thar an duang leh anga, chumi mil chuan tanpuina sum an tawk tarh anga, mahni inchawm zo lo state, Mizoram te ang chuan sum hmuhna tur a nih phawt chuan an duan ang ang lo zawm ve mai kha kan tum leh dawn a. Mizorama thlai leh resource kan neihsa hnualsuatin ram dang a mi kan chaw lut leh dawn tihna a ni a. Chu chu mirethei te thawhtir an tum leh anga, an bel ta maw tihah funding a tawp an ti leh anga, mi beidawng an pung leh dawn tihna a ni.
“Zamindari system kan hlat lo” tiin Revenue Minister-in tum engemaw zat a sawi tawh. Mi hausa, ram zau tak tak nei, hmun hrang hranga ram engemaw zat nei hi an kat nuk mai. Chung ho avang chuan vantlang ram a lo tlem taa, lo nei mi te tan lo a neih tur ram a lo zim ta a, ram a lên chhung a lo tawi ta tial tial a, chuvang chuan a ngaiah an kual an kual taa, an tharchhuah a tlem sawta, tha an pek tam lehzual a ngaih phah bawk. Mihausa ten ram an ngah tawlh tawlha, vantlang ram a tlem tawlh tawlha, ramngaw humhalhna a nasat tawlh tawlh chuan a tuar tur hnaivai ber te chu lo neia eizawngtu te an ni.
Hitech farming hi Mizoramah hian uar tum viau bawk mah ila, ram neilo, vantlang ram kum khat emaw lek lek atana lo a nei hawh hi an tam hle, chungho tan chuan huan nghet tih luklak hi chu Vana rah ang a ni. Leitha mamawh nasa tak, a bik taka enkawl ngai chi thlai min kawhhmuha, a thar hlawk thu leh a man zia thu te; mahse chu’ng ho enkawl puitlinga thar hlawk tur chuan thiamna leh hmanrua chi hrang hrang a ngai a, sum telloa neih a harsa hle bawk. Chung nei thei te chu mihausa ho bawk an ni leh dawna, miretheite ban phakah chuan a awm leh hauh lovang.
Mihausa ten an buaipui hat tawh chu Sorkar pawhin a ngaipawimawh leh lo thei dawn lo a, policy thar eng eng emaw, mirethei te thleng pha silo a hring chhuak leh dawn tihna a ni. Climate change -in mirethei te – ram hna thawka eizawng te leh chhuanchham chhungkua te a nghawng dan hi a nasa zual dawn hle a ni.
Tlipna
Khawvela sorkar hrang hrang te hi inlungrual se, tihtakzetin bei se, khawvel ti lumtu Carbon pe chhuak tlem zawngin ke pen se tih chu Climate change lam zir mite duhthusam, tihhlawhtlin harsa tak si a ni a. India sorkar pawhin Ministry of Environment & Forest tih thin chu Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEF&CC) tiin kumin atangin a thlak taa, sik leh sa danglam nasa lutuk siam dik turin ke a pen ve mêk bawk. Chutih rual chuan India sorkar thupek anga duan, State Action Plan on Climate change (SAPCC), Mizoram (2010 – 2015)-ah pawh a chunga kan tarlan point hnih te khi ngaih pawimawh a ni lem lo. Tin, he Action plan hi kan hman hmain a hun a ral chu a ni ta der mai bawk a.
Mizoram bak ram kan nei loa, ILP leh kan inhungbingna dangin a ven theihloh thil kan hmachhawn mek beilet tur emaw, chumi laka kan lo inven theih dan tur emaw lo ngaihtuah chhuah hi a tul tawh takzet a ni.
– David C. Vanlalfakawma
[Sabereka Khuangkaih September 2016 issue-ah tihchhuah a ni]