Mizorama tualṭo mau leh raw lam chi kan neih zingah Rawṭhing hi kan hman nasat ber te zinga mi a ni awm e. Raw dang angin a hung a bit lo a, mautak leh rawnal te aia a khawng zawk bawk avangin thil chi hrang hrang atan kan hmang nasa a, a tuai pawh kan ei nasat pawl tak a ni; Rawṭhing tuaiterek phei chu a tui viau mai.
Rawṭhing hi mau leh raw dang ang bawka a damchhunga vawikhat tâm chi ve tho a ni a, a tâm inkar hi kum 50 anga ngaih a ni nain, kum 48 a ni tlangpui. Mautâm aṭanga kum 25-naah a tâm deuh tlangpui bawk. Tin, mau ang bawka tâmpui (gregarious flowering) a tâm chi a ni a; a kahpah (sporadic flowering)-a tam pawh hmuh tur a awm zauh zauh. A tâm zawh hnu hian a thi chhunzawm ve nghal mai ṭhin. Hetiang damchhunga vawikhat par/rah-a thi chhunzawm hi Science ṭawngkamah chuan semelparity tih a ni. A rah tla a lo ṭiah leh hunah ‘chhuanthar’ an lo chhuak ve thung dawn a ni.
Rawṭhing (Bambusa tulda Roxb.) hi Myanmar, Bangladesh leh Thailand-ah te pawh a tualṭo-a, India ramah chuan Mizoram bakah Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland leh Tripura te hi a ṭo tam zualna hmun a ni a, heng bakah hian Bihar leh West Bengal-ah te pawh tih tham fé a ṭo bawk. India hmarchhak-a hnam hrang hrang ten mahni remhriat dan ang zelin kawng hrang hrang hrangin kan hmang a, a tuai kan ei hlawm vek bawk. Raw khawng ṭha tak a nih avangin pa thilchîk mi deuh chuan Concrete In saknaa slab, beam leh ban dona (Scaffolding) atan pawh an duh deuh kher ṭhin. Tin, National Bamboo Mission-in India rama mau chin uar tur a thlanchhuah sawm zinga pakhat a ni bawk.
Rawṭhing hi Mizoram dung leh vang, chhak leh thlang dâp kim ber te zinga mi a ni a, chutih rual chuan hmun zo deuhah erawh phun chawp emaw a nih ngawt loh chuan a awm meuh lo thung. Mizorama Mau-raw chi hrang hrang te hi an tâm ve vek thonain Mautak tâm leh Rawṭhing tâm te hian Mizo mipui nasa taka a nghawng bik avangin a langsar zual dun bik hle a. Hei hian rua leh mau dang zawng zawng te aiin heng Mau-raw chi hnih te hi Mizoramah a tam fal bik hle ṭhin tih a entir. Mizo chanchin ziaktu ten Ṭhingtam chungchang an ziah dan hi a inang hlawm viau mai a, Pathian thu zirmiten Synoptic Gospel an tih ang maia inzul a ni hlawm.
Ṭhingtâm hmasa te
Mizorama Ṭhingtâm kan hriat theih hlat ber chu kum 1880-ah a ni a, 1929-ah tâm lehin, 1978 chhoah a tam leh bawk. Kum 1880-a Ṭhingtam hian a hunlai Mizo teah nghawng a nei lian hle a, Chhak leh Thlang indo a ṭingmit a, an ṭam nasat êm avangin phai lam aṭangin Buhfai an chaw lut hial a, Mizo ṭhenkhat te phei chu Cachar chhehvelah an pêm phah hial a ni. Buh a van zia thu hi an hrilhfak a ni a, a hma lawk (kum 20 kalta)-a Mautâm ṭampui aimahin an tuar nasa niin an sawi. Hemi hnu lama Ṭhingtâm erawhin mipuiah nghawng a nei ta vak lo niin a lang. Kum 1929-a Ṭhingtam-ah hi chuan sorkar leh mipuiin inbuatsaih lawk dan an thiam deuh tawh bakah Rawṭhing a lo tlem tak zel avangin nghawng a nei na ta lo niin Rev Liangkhaia’n a sawi. Chhinchhiah theih china Ṭhingtâm vawi thumna hi kum 1976 aṭangin a kahpaha tâmin a inṭan a, 1978 leh 1979-ah chuan tâmpui tak tak a thleng ta a ni. Ṭhingtâm vawi thumna pawh hian mipuiah nghawng lian tak a nei ta bik lo niin a lang.
Mizorama Vailen chanchin ziaktu, E.B. Elly chuan kum 1880 chhoa Ṭhingtam ṭâm avangin buhfai maund 1800 lai Cachar lam aṭanga an chawk luh thu a sawi a, tarlan tawh angin hemi hnua Ṭhingtamah erawh hetiang tak hian ṭampui an tuar leh tawh lo. He thu hi ngaihtuahna ti thuitu chu a ni ta a ni. 1880 kuma nasa taka an tawrh chhan hi sazu puang nasain an buh leh bal a seh zawh vang nia tarlan a ni a; Sazu tipuang khawpa tam Rawṭhing hung a awm tihna a ni. Hemi hnua a tâm leh hian Sorkar lam a lo inbuatsaih lawk piahlamah, Ṭhingtâm hmasaa a chi tla kha a ṭiak ṭha loin, ṭhang puitling lo a tam hle niin a lang. Chuvang chuan 1880 hmalama Rawṭhing awm ang zat kha a awm ta lo tihna a ni.
Heti a nih chuan Rawṭhing hi a regeneration rate (a chi aṭanga ṭoa a inthlahpun chhoh dan) a sang viaulo tihna a ni thei ang. Kum 1929-a a tâm leh hnuah Rawṭhing hung a lo kiam lehzual tawh a, chutiang zelin 1979-a a tâm leh phei chuan Rawṭhing hung hi a hma aiin a tlem lehzual tawh tihna a ni. Hmalakna hrang hrang avang leh chhan hrang hrang avangin Ṭhingtâmin mipuia a nghawng hi a nêp chho tial tial a, chutih rual vek chuan Rawṭhing hung kan nei tlem tial tial tihna a ni bawk.
Ṭhingtam vawi 4-na a hnai
Kum 2015 khan Zawlnuam PHC ram chhungah Rawṭhing a tâm chiam mai a, a dinhmun enfiah turin Medical Officer, Dr Lalsangzuala’n min hruai kual a, PHC ramchhung mai bakah Zawlnuam-Bawrai chhevelah te, Zawlpui kawngah te pawh a tâm zeng zung mai a, tâm lo erawh a ṭhahnem zawk. Henglai chhehvela tâm bak hi chu hmundangah kan hmuh chhunzawm lo thung. Zawlnuam leh a chhehvela a tâm dan phung hi a kahpaha tâm, “sporadic flowering” a ni.
Kum 2019 aṭangin Rawṭhing tâm hi hmuh a ni chho leh ta zauh zauh a, Covid lên vanglai, 2020 phei kha chuan hmun tam takah a tâm a, Darkhuang ram, Muallungthuah chuan a mual mualin a tâm a, Tuirial erawh a kai meuh lo thung. Chhuahchhawng lamah a tâm hmasa deuh zel niin a lang a, chhim leh hmar hawizawngin, Tuirial lui thlang lamah a ni tlangpui. Hemi achinah hi chuan Rawṭhing tâm hi hmuh tur a awm chho ta deuh reng a ni.
Kumin, 2024-a lo inher meuh chuan Tuirial chhak lam, Tuirini leh Keifang inkar kawngpui aṭanga lang thei chinah ringawt pawh a tâm hmuh tur a awm chho ta thluah mai. Hmundangah pawh a tahtawlin a tâm chho zel dawn niin a lang a, Ṭhingtâm sehsâm a ni chho mêk tihna a ni; kum 2026 – 2028 hi Ṭhingtâmpui hun tura ngaih a ni.
Ṭhingtâm hi ven theih a ni em?
He zawhna hi chhanna mumal pêk harsa angreng tak a ni. Ven theih a ni em tih tluk zeta pawimawh erawh ven tum chi a ni em? tih hi a ni. Mau lam chi ho hian chaw an khawl sa zawng zawng leh an chakna zawng zawng a par leh rah siamnan an hmang zo a, chuvanga thi ta ṭhina ngaih a ni a, natna hrik engemaw avanga tâm a ni lo. Scientist ṭhenkhat chuan hetia mau-raw lam chiin par a chhuah a, a thi chhunzawm ṭhin hi ‘suicide’ tiin an sawi ve fo ṭhin reng a ni. Leiṭha leh tui hnianghnar taka vur chuan a tâm loh theih mai rinna a awm. Leiṭha leh tui nena hnianghnar taka enkawl hi thil hautak leh buaithlak tak, sum leh pai leh tha tam tak sen ngaihna tur thil a ni, ramhnuaia leiṭha leh tuia va chawm tum phei chu tih sa loh loh a ni. Chu’ng enkawlna zawng zawng avang chuan a tâm lo tak tak angem tih pawh hriat a ni chuang hek lo.
Hetianga enkawl hian awmzia neiin tâm loh phah ta tak tak ta se, a inthlahpun zel danah nghawng a neih theih dan tur a awm thei bawk awm e. Siamtuin a duan dan (Biological clock)-ah kum 48 zela tâm a, thi tur a ni a, a thih hun tur tih khawtlai sak ngawt hian a hung ṭhan zelna kawngah te, a tisa chhungril lamah te (physiology leh anatomy) engtiangin nge nghawng a neih ang tih hi hriatphak piahlam thil a la ni rih. Tâm hun inanga tâm hi Biology ṭawngkamah chuan ‘Cohort’ an ti a, Cohort thuhmun chu chi-bul thuhmuna ngaih an ni. Chi-bul thuhmun, Cohort inang hi ram hrang daihah pawh awmsela, siamtuin hunbi a ruat sak hi an bawhpelh ngai lo a, an tâm rual ngei ngei ṭhin.
2017 chhoa Talân a tâm khan Zemabawka Talân hung pakhat, tuiluankawr kama awm chu tuiin a chiah hnawn hneh deuh khan a tâm leh dawn lo emaw tih turin hnah thar te a chhuah a, ro-ai ṭan kha a hring ṭha leh viau a, mahse thla hnih-khat hnuah erawh chuan a tâm chhunzawm leh ta tho mai. Chuvang chuan Rawṭhing tam chho mêk pawh hi ven tak tak theih a nih a rinawm chiah lo zawk a ni.
Engtia hmalak tur nge ni ang?
Ṭhingtâm kan hriat hmasakber an tawrh dan leh a hnulama tâm mipui ten an tawrh dan inang lo ta viau hian Rawṭhing tâm chi tla, lo ṭiak a, lo ṭhang chho leh tur (regeneration) venhim a pawimawh zia a tarlang chiang viau mai. Hemi kawnga hma la thei turin Sorkar pawh a inbuatsaih chhoh a ngai awm e. Ṭhingtâm aṭanga kum 7 chhung vel tal chu Rawṭhing tuai hi khawrh loh ni se a duhawm. A tâm ṭiak, a bul (rhizome) a lo insawhngheh a, a puitlin deuh hma loh chuan khawrh leh sah loh ni thei se a duhawm hle. Chu chuan Rawṭhing inthlahpunna leh ṭhan zelna kawngah nasa takin awmzia a nei dawn a ni. Bul puichanglo leh no lutuk chuan tuai a chhuah ṭha thei lo a, tuai a chhuah tam thei loin, tuai a chhuah pawh a lian tak tak ṭhin lo; a tuai a len loh miau chuan a pum a lian thei lo.
Rawṭhing tâmna hmun te loa ṭheh rih loh te, a kan lohna tura hmalak te pawh a ṭul dawn hle a ni. Rawṭhing chi leia tla, lo ṭo (regenerate) leh hian bul-puichang ṭha (coarse root/rhizome) a neih hmaa kangmei a tawrh chuan inthlahpunga tuai chhuah tur awm lovin a rem thuai mai dawn a ni. Hei hi 1880 hnulama Mizorama Rawṭhing a tlem chhoh tak zel nachhan pawh niin a lang.
A chi a tam thei ang ber kui ṭiah a, phun darh te pawh a pawimawh dawn hle bawk. Sik leh sa leh khuarel thil avang te, eichhetu hrang hrang avang te leh mihring te kuthnu thil hrang hrang avang tein ramhnuaia amaha ṭiak a, lo ṭhangchho leh tur hi tih sukuk awl tak a ni. Chumi ven nan chuan a chi kui a, phun darh mai theih tura a ṭiak lo neih (Germplasm conservation) hi a ṭul hle dawn a ni. Tin, “Rawṭhing tâm hi a thi dawn tho tho” tih avanga a chi tla tur pawh awm lék lo khawpa suat rêm a hlauhawm viau bawk. Chutiang thil a thlen lohna turin mitinte kan ṭanrual a ṭul. Ṭhingtâm avanga ṭam chu kan tuar tawh kher lo maithei, mahse Ṭhingtâm laia kan hmalakna hrang hrang avangin kan rama Rawṭhing hi kan ti mang hlauh thei a ni tih kan hriat a pawimawh hle a ni.
[VANGLAINI chanchinbu 16.09.2024-ah tihchhuah a ni]
Ṭhingtâm chungchang report Scientific paper kan tichhuah tawh te en duh tan a hnuaia link-ah hian download theih a ni:
1. Sporadic flowering of Bambusa tulda in Mizoram: A preliminary report Science Vision 17(3):160-162
2. Gregarious flowering of a geriatric semelparous bamboo – Bambusa tulda Roxb. in Mizoram, India Current Science 120(7):1142-1143