Forest Clearance leh a behbawm

Tunlâia Mizoram titi luahtu Forest (Conservation) Ammendment Act, 2023 (FCAA 2023) hian inhnialna a titamin, “ram hralhna a ni” tia sawi pâwlte, “chutiang a ni lo” tia sawi pâwlte an awm nuk a. Constitution leh dân lam thiamte thlîrna chhiar tùr tih tham fé a awm tawh a. Environment mit aṭanga thlirin FCAA 2023 hi kan hlawkpui ang nge kan chhiat pui ang? tih kan bûk thiam theihna turin FCA 1980-in a ngaihpawimawh êm êm, FCAA 2023-in a phalrai chhoh tâk si “Forest Clearance (Ramngaw ṭhiah phalna)” leh a kaihhnawih thil ṭhenkhat kan luhkhung ve thung dawn a ni.

Forest chu eng nge ni?

Mizo ṭawng chuan ‘Ramngaw’ tiin kan sawi mai ṭhîn. Thingkung leh thing lam chi tamna hmun tiin a sawi theih mai awm e. UN hnuaia Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO)-in a hrih fiah dânin “Forest/Ramngaw chu ram hectare chanve (0.5 ha) aia zîm lo, a ram zau zâwng hmun zaa sâwm (10%) tal thingin a khuh hmun” a ni. Thingkung tia an chhiar hi India ramah chuan thing bul, lei seh chin aṭanga 1.37 m (4.5 ft)-a sângah teh kuala 30 cm tling chin hi a ni.

India State of Forest Report 2023 (Vol. 2)-in Mizorama ngaw khuh chin a tarlan dan

Sawrkar dânah ve thung chuan, ‘ngaw hmun tia sawrkarin a chhinchhiah, ramngaw humhalhna dân emaw, Revenue lam dân hmang emawa ramngaw tia chhinchhiah ho hi’ a ni a, “Recorded Forest Area” tiin emaw, “Forest Area” tiin emaw an sawi ṭhîn. Ramngaw huam chin lam zirtu, Forest Survey of India (FSI)-ten, “Forest Cover” tia an sawi leh “Forest Area” hi thil thuhmun a ni lo tih kan hriat chian a pawimawh awm e. FSI-in ‘Forest cover’ a tih chu Remote Sensing hmanga an zir chian a, ngawin a khuh chin hrim hrim ram zau zâwng sawina a ni.

Forest Clearance awmzia leh a pawimawhna

Ngaw hmun ṭhiah a, thil dang – hmasawnna ruhrel emaw, ram venhimna kaihhnawih thil eng emaw, leilung hausakna laih chhuahna tûrin emaw, ngaw ni loa siam a nih dâwn hrim hrim hian Forest Clearance (FC) lâk a ngai ṭhîn. Hmasawnna hnathawh pêng hrang hrangin ramngaw a tihchhiat rup lohna tûra kaihhruaina mumal tak hnuaia ngaw ṭhiah hi FC-in a tum ber chu a ni. He kaihhruaina hrang hrang hnuaiah hian pawimawh leh langsâr tak tak a awm a, chûngte chu – Compensatory Afforestation (CA), Net Present Value (NPV) te leh ramngaw an ṭhiahna hnuhmain environment-a nghawng a neih theih tûr tihziaawm a ni. Compensatory Afforestation (CA) hnuaiah hian an thing kih ang zât an phun lehna tûr, ngaw an tihchhiat ang hmun danga an siam lehna tûr sum leh pai sawrkara an chhun luh dân tûr kaihhruaina mumal tak a awm a. Tin, Net Present Value (NPV) hi a hun lâia sum leh pâi zâwnga teha ramngaw an ṭhiah hlutna an châwi zât tûr sawina a ni. Heng bakah hian an thing kih sâte hnathawktuten an hman riral khapna te leh lei vung thehthang dân tûr kaihhruaina khirhkhân tak mai te a tel bawk. Lei vung paih dân bîk hi kan chhui zui ang.

FC hnuaia lei vung paihna tûr hmunhma thlan dân leh enkawl zui dân (Consolidated guidelines and clarifications – FCA 1980, FCA 2023):

Kawng laih kaihhnawiha hman tur kaihhruaina te, hydel project-a hman tur te, in sak kaihhnawiha hman tur te, hmasawnna hnathawh tûr a zirin, kaihhruaina mumal tak a awm hrang vek a, a tlang lâwn hetiang a ni:

Lei vung paihna tûr hmunhma – ramngaw chhûnga lei vung paihna hmun (spoil bank/muck disposal site) siam hi khap bur a ni a, eng ti kawng pawha pumpelh tûr a ni. Ngaw hmun pâwn lamah remchâng a awm ngang lo a nih chuan ngaw huam chin chhûnga thing awm lohna hmun a ni tûr a ni.

Hnathawhna hmun hnâivâiah lei vung paihna – Lei vung an paihna lama thlauh palh an neih loh nân te, lirthei veivâk dang an tihbuai loh nân te, kawng khu nasa pumpelh leh lei ṭhîl a darh nuaih loh nân te hnathawhna hmun hnâivâi, ramngaw pawn sî-ah lei vung paihna hmun hi siam ṭhin tûr a ni.

Leilung pian hmang leh lei ngheh dân – Lei vung paihnahmun hi a lei a nghet tûr a ni a, lei min leh lei chêin a tihbuai loh hmun a ni tûr a ni. Awih bakbahâi ni lo, lei vung paih sa a thlang lui leh kawr, kawngpuiah te a tawlh liam mai theih lohna tûr hmun a ni tûr a ni.

Lui tui leh kawr – Lei vung paihna hmunah hian lui luang a awm tûr a ni lo a, kawrté tui luanna emaw, dîl emaw a khuh tûr a ni hek lo. Tin, tui luangin a ṭhuah mai theih hmun a ni tûr a ni lo, hei hian luia nungchate chênna a tihbuai theih avângin pumpelh tûr a ni.

Mihring chênna hnâi pumpelh tûr – Lei vung paihna kaihhnawiha vaivut khu, thâwm bengchheng leh mihringte hriselna tibuai thei hrang hrangte pumpelh a nih theihna tûrin FC hnuaia lei vung paihna hmun hi mihring khawsakna hnâiah a awm tûr a ni lo.

FCA 1980 hnuaia rules hrang hrang te guidelines hi a khat tawka enṭhat a, siamrem ṭhin a ni

Tuai thar theih hmun – Lei vung paihna hmun hi ramngaw din thar leh theihna tûr hmun remchâng a ni tûr a ni a; tin, lei a muk theih nân te, a min lohna tûr tein ruahmanna mumal tak siam tûr a ni. Tual ṭo thing leh mau te phun a, ramngaw tuai thar leh theih ngêina tûra buatsaih tûr a ni.

A dâwl zo ngêi tûr a ni – Hna thawhna hmuna lei vungte dâwl zo ngêi tûr hmunah chauh lei vung paihna hi siam tûr a ni.

Enkawl zui dân tûr ruahmanna – Lei vung paihna hmun hi a tlo zâwkna tûrin ruahmanna mumal tak siam tûr a ni a. Lei dâwlna nghet ṭha tak – retaining wall leh gabionic structure (thirlên hmanga lung fun rem khâwm) bâkah lei tawlh tûr vênna atân chhawrdawh te siam theihna hmun remchâng a ni tûr a ni. Lei vung paih sa te uluk taka chîl muk tûr a ni a, chutiang tih theihna tûrin remchâng siam ngêi bawk tûr a ni.

Eng hmalâknaah pawh FC hi eng ang pawhin lo nei se, ramngaw an tihchhiat leh chereu hlen tâk hi a ngai reng a ni tih kan hriat tel a pawimawh. Chutih rual chuan FC hmanga thu delh kilh mumal tak neia ramngaw ṭhiat an nih avângin an fimkhur deuh ngê ngê a, chhiatna nasa zâwk a thlen lohna tûrin awmze nei leh mumal zâwkin ngaw an ṭhiat a, hun duh rei deuh mah se an tihchhiat hu ngaw dang siam leh theihna tûr sum leh pai an chhung lut tel bawk.

Forest Clearance leh Environmental Clearance – danglamna leh inlaichînna

Environmental Clearance (EC) hi Environment Protection Act (EPA) 1986-in a phût anga tih ṭhin a ni a. Hmalâkna eng pawh, environment tâna pawi thei tûr ang chi hrang hrangte tihziaawm a nih theih nân leh siam ṭhat lehna tûr hmalâkna a awm theihna tûra duan a ni. EC hi Forest Clearance aiin a khirh lehzual a, FC-in a phût piah lam ken tel tam tak a nei. Ramngaw kaihhnawh hmalâkna tûra EC nei tûr hian FC zuan kahlen theih a ni lo a, FC Stage 1 tal pal tlang a ngai a ni.

EC nei tûr chuan Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) tih ngei ngei a ngâi a, Environment Management Plan (EMP) neih ngei ngei a ngâi bakah Public Hearing neih ngei ngei tur a ni bawk . EIA hi hmalâk an tum dânin Environment-a nghawng a neih tûr zir chianna a ni a. Ramngaw a tihchhiat dân tûr te, thing leh mau, thlâi leh hmunhma a tihchhiat tûr mai bâkah nungcha a tihbuai dân tûr te zir chian hmasak ṭhin a ni a, mei khu leh vaivut khu te, ri bengchheng leh hnâwmhnawk a siam dân tûr te, kha hna thawhin mihring leh nungchate chênna a tihchhiat a, a chîm buai dân tûr te uluk taka zir chian hmasak ṭhin a ni. Hêng bâkah pawh hian an hna thawh tûr kal hmang azirin kaihhruaina chi hrang hrang a awm tel bawk.

Environment Management Plan hnuaiah hian hmalâknain environment-a a nghawng tûr hrang hrang tihziaawm theihna tûr te, hna thawh kal lâi en dik a, environment tibuai thei thil hmalâkna an nei em? An intiam angin an fimkhur em? tih en dikna tûr te, tute nge hma la tûr? tih te ruahmanna siam lâwk ṭhin a ni a, chutianga hma la tûr chuan EMP hian thu neihna a pe ṭhîn a ni.

FC hian ramngaw ṭhiah kher ngâia hmalâkna chin a huam a, EC chuan huam zâu zâwkin ramngaw leh ngaw lo pawh a huam thei thung. Târ lan tawh angin hmalâknain ramngaw a khawih tel dâwn chuan EC dîl hmain FC stage 1 tal an neih a ngai a ni.

Forest Clearance hi a hnawk em?

Forest Clearance nei tûr hian sum leh pâi leh tha tam tak sên a ngâi a, hun a duh bawk. Chuvâng chuan hmasawnna hnathawh a timuangin a tiṭhuanawpa ngaihna a lian hle a. Bawhchhiate man chhuah an nihin a hremna a na hle bawk. Chuvâng chuan mi tam takin an ngaithei lo a, awm lo tawp se tih hi an duh dân a ni.

FC tel loa hmalâkna avângin Chalfilh tlânga tourist hmun tûra ruahman chu dah ṭawl a ni a, ṭhiahna thupêk pawh chhuah tawh a ni. FC nei loa Riverine Reserve Forest-a NIT, Mizoram sakna kaihhnawihah Higher & Technical Education Department chuan hremna na tak an tuar a, Penal NPV ₹ 1,92,20,732.00 an châwi phah dâwn a ni. Tin, FC nei tûr hian a bul aṭanga bei lehin FC dîlna kaihhnawiha an châwi tûr ngai an châwi chhunzawm tho dâwn bawk a ni.

Tûn hnâia Mizorama hmasawnna hna thawh langsâr tak mai – kawngpui zauh hna aṭang hian zir chhuah tûr chiang tak kan nei awm e. FC leh EC mumal nei loa hmalâkna avângin lei vung paihna hmun bîk mumal a awm lo a, chu chuan kan lui tui nasa takin a tichhia a, kawngpui dunga huan lo ram te lei vungin a chhilh nasat avângin ram neituten nasa takin an tuar bawk. Lei vung paih dân phung mumal lo avângin Tlawng lui leh Mizoram luipui tam tak, kawng laihna hnaivaia mi chu a nu kumtluan ringawt mai a, luia nungchaten an tawrh piah lamah khawpuia chêng mihringte in tûr siak chhuah tlâk loh khawpa nûin a awm kum tin ta mai a ni.

Tlawng, Reiek kai | Image courtesy: CESJ

India leh Bangladesh ram ri hung tûra hmalâk a nih khân Dampa Tiger Reserve pawh a huam tel a. Environmental Clearance lâkna tûrin EIA survey team-ah ka tel ve hlauh nghe nghe. Mumal taka EC la tûra hmalâk a nih avângin ramsate veivahna tûr ‘Wildlife Corridor’ pawh pasarih zet siam tûr a ruahman thlap a ni a, corridor pakhat hi 1 km-a thui zêl a ni a, Dampa Tiger Reserve huam chhûnga ram ri hung tûra ruahman kha 63 kms vela thui a ni.

EC-in a phût angin Aizawl Lunglei World Bank Road phase 2, Thenzawl leh Lunglei inkârah hian lei vung paihna “Spoil Bank” 50 chuang a awm. He kawng dungah tho hian, Phase 1 lamah, thlâi vâng tak mai, khawvêl ram danga mang ti tih tawh a awm avângin ‘Sumsuih leh Hmuifang’ inkâr kawng pawh a kual ki-kâwi phah ta nguai mai a ni. Kawngpui laihna tûra sum petu, World Bank-ten ramngaw an ngaih pawimawh êm avânga laih mar an phal loh kha tûn hnaiah a ram neitute zâwkin kan lai mar chho leh ta mêk thung a!

Forest Clearance tel lo chuan

FCAA 2023 chuan “ram ven himna leh hmasawnna kaihhnawih thil hrang hrangah Forest Clearance lâk kher a ngai lo” a tih tâkah chuan, hmasawnna leh ram ven himna chhuanlama hnathawktu tûrten Forest Clearance buaipuina tûra sum leh hun tam tak an sen ṭhin an lo pumpelh thei dâwn ta a; tin, lei vung thehthangna hmun bîk siam leh enkawlna atâna sum an sen te pawh a ngai dâwn ta lo niin a lang (Guidelines lamah an bilh leh thut a nih loh chuan!), lei vung paihna senso hrim hrim pawh a tla hniam bawk ang. Hnathawktute an hlâwk sawt ang a, hmasawnna hna thawh pawhin a chak phah sawt tak tak ngei ang.

Chutih rual chuan hêng kan ramngaw ven himna pawimawh tak, bawh chhetute na taka hrem theihna – FCA 1980 chu dân thar, thiangzâu zâwk, FCAA 2023-in a lo luah lan tâkah chuan zalên takin, hlâwk lehzual tumin hna an thawk ngei ang a. Ram ven himna emaw, hmasawnna ruh rel emaw chhuanlama ngaw an ṭhiah hunah thing an kih a, nungcha awm chhun ang angte um ṭiau an nih piah lamah, an hmalâkna hnuhmâ – lei vung leh hnâwmhnawk an thehthang dânah phuartu a bo dâwn tihna a ni ta a. Kan rama lui tui tam tak hi chhilh bo a ni ang a, luia nungchate pawh phum bo an ni dâwn tihna a ni mai awm e. Lui tui leh dîl te (surface water) chhilh bo a nih chuan hydrological cycle thlengin nghawng a nei ngei ang. Kan ruah tui dawn dân phung a danglam phah hial mai thei; chutiang a thlen chuan ruah tuia innghat thlawhhmâ enkawla ei zawngtute thar chhuah thlengin a nghawng ngei ang.

Lei vung paihna hmun khuahkhirhna mumal awm loh avângin lei min leh Sabereka Khuangkaih tipungtuah te pawh a la chang hial thei. Lei vung paih duhdah avângin ramhmul tam tak chhilh bo a ni ang a, chûng ramhmul leh hnimte tlâna eitute an lo rem ang a, chûng ramhmul leh hnima innghatte chaw atâna hmang ve leh chhâwngtu ramsate chu thah kher ngâi lovin an la rêm thuai ngei ang. Forest Clearance tel loa hmasawnna hna thawh hi hmasawnna khingbâi thlentu a ni ngei dâwn tih a chiang. Chuvâng chuan environemtn tarmit aṭanga thlir chuan Forest Clearance mausamtu FCAA 2023 hi dân huatthla la tak chu a ni phawt mai.

[VANGLAINI Chanchinbu Sept. 20, 2025-ah tihchhuah a ni]

ṬHINGTÂM

Mizorama tualṭo mau leh raw lam chi kan neih zingah Rawṭhing hi kan hman nasat ber te zinga mi a ni awm e. Raw dang angin a hung a bit lo a, mautak leh rawnal te aia a khawng zawk bawk avangin thil chi hrang hrang atan kan hmang nasa a, a tuai pawh kan ei nasat pawl tak a ni; Rawṭhing tuaiterek phei chu a tui viau mai.

This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is Rawting-hung.jpg — Rawṭhing hung

Rawṭhing hi mau leh raw dang ang bawka a damchhunga vawikhat tâm chi ve tho a ni a, a tâm inkar hi kum 50 anga ngaih a ni nain, kum 48 a ni tlangpui. Mautâm aṭanga kum 25-naah a tâm deuh tlangpui bawk. Tin, mau ang bawka tâmpui (gregarious flowering) a tâm chi a ni a; a kahpah (sporadic flowering)-a tam pawh hmuh tur a awm zauh zauh. A tâm zawh hnu hian a thi chhunzawm ve nghal mai ṭhin. Hetiang damchhunga vawikhat par/rah-a thi chhunzawm hi Science ṭawngkamah chuan semelparity tih a ni. A rah tla a lo ṭiah leh hunah ‘chhuanthar’ an lo chhuak ve thung dawn a ni.

Rawṭhing (Bambusa tulda Roxb.) hi Myanmar, Bangladesh leh Thailand-ah te pawh a tualṭo-a, India ramah chuan Mizoram bakah Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland leh Tripura te hi a ṭo tam zualna hmun a ni a, heng bakah hian Bihar leh West Bengal-ah te pawh tih tham fé a ṭo bawk. India hmarchhak-a hnam hrang hrang ten mahni remhriat dan ang zelin kawng hrang hrang hrangin kan hmang a, a tuai kan ei hlawm vek bawk. Raw khawng ṭha tak a nih avangin pa thilchîk mi deuh chuan Concrete In saknaa slab, beam leh ban dona (Scaffolding) atan pawh an duh deuh kher ṭhin. Tin, National Bamboo Mission-in India rama mau chin uar tur a thlanchhuah sawm zinga pakhat a ni bawk.

Rawṭhing hung 2020 kuma tâm, Muallungthu

Rawṭhing hi Mizoram dung leh vang, chhak leh thlang dâp kim ber te zinga mi a ni a, chutih rual chuan hmun zo deuhah erawh phun chawp emaw a nih ngawt loh chuan a awm meuh lo thung. Mizorama Mau-raw chi hrang hrang te hi an tâm ve vek thonain Mautak tâm leh Rawṭhing tâm te hian Mizo mipui nasa taka a nghawng bik avangin a langsar zual dun bik hle a. Hei hian rua leh mau dang zawng zawng te aiin heng Mau-raw chi hnih te hi Mizoramah a tam fal bik hle ṭhin tih a entir. Mizo chanchin ziaktu ten Ṭhingtam chungchang an ziah dan hi a inang hlawm viau mai a, Pathian thu zirmiten Synoptic Gospel an tih ang maia inzul a ni hlawm.

Ṭhingtâm hmasa te

Mizorama Ṭhingtâm kan hriat theih hlat ber chu kum 1880-ah a ni a, 1929-ah tâm lehin, 1978 chhoah a tam leh bawk. Kum 1880-a Ṭhingtam hian a hunlai Mizo teah nghawng a nei lian hle a, Chhak leh Thlang indo a ṭingmit a, an ṭam nasat êm avangin phai lam aṭangin Buhfai an chaw lut hial a, Mizo ṭhenkhat te phei chu Cachar chhehvelah an pêm phah hial a ni. Buh a van zia thu hi an hrilhfak a ni a, a hma lawk (kum 20 kalta)-a Mautâm ṭampui aimahin an tuar nasa niin an sawi. Hemi hnu lama Ṭhingtâm erawhin mipuiah nghawng a nei ta vak lo niin a lang. Kum 1929-a Ṭhingtam-ah hi chuan sorkar leh mipuiin inbuatsaih lawk dan an thiam deuh tawh bakah Rawṭhing a lo tlem tak zel avangin nghawng a nei na ta lo niin Rev Liangkhaia’n a sawi. Chhinchhiah theih china Ṭhingtâm vawi thumna hi kum 1976 aṭangin a kahpaha tâmin a inṭan a, 1978 leh 1979-ah chuan tâmpui tak tak a thleng ta a ni. Ṭhingtâm vawi thumna pawh hian mipuiah nghawng lian tak a nei ta bik lo niin a lang.

Mizorama Vailen chanchin ziaktu, E.B. Elly chuan kum 1880 chhoa Ṭhingtam ṭâm avangin buhfai maund 1800 lai Cachar lam aṭanga an chawk luh thu a sawi a, tarlan tawh angin hemi hnua Ṭhingtamah erawh hetiang tak hian ṭampui an tuar leh tawh lo. He thu hi ngaihtuahna ti thuitu chu a ni ta a ni. 1880 kuma nasa taka an tawrh chhan hi sazu puang nasain an buh leh bal a seh zawh vang nia tarlan a ni a; Sazu tipuang khawpa tam Rawṭhing hung a awm tihna a ni. Hemi hnua a tâm leh hian Sorkar lam a lo inbuatsaih lawk piahlamah, Ṭhingtâm hmasaa a chi tla kha a ṭiak ṭha loin, ṭhang puitling lo a tam hle niin a lang. Chuvang chuan 1880 hmalama Rawṭhing awm ang zat kha a awm ta lo tihna a ni.

Heti a nih chuan Rawṭhing hi a regeneration rate (a chi aṭanga ṭoa a inthlahpun chhoh dan) a sang viaulo tihna a ni thei ang. Kum 1929-a a tâm leh hnuah Rawṭhing hung a lo kiam lehzual tawh a, chutiang zelin 1979-a a tâm leh phei chuan Rawṭhing hung hi a hma aiin a tlem lehzual tawh tihna a ni. Hmalakna hrang hrang avang leh chhan hrang hrang avangin Ṭhingtâmin mipuia a nghawng hi a nêp chho tial tial a, chutih rual vek chuan Rawṭhing hung kan nei tlem tial tial tihna a ni bawk.

Ṭhingtam vawi 4-na a hnai

Kum 2015 khan Zawlnuam PHC ram chhungah Rawṭhing a tâm chiam mai a, a dinhmun enfiah turin Medical Officer, Dr Lalsangzuala’n min hruai kual a, PHC ramchhung mai bakah Zawlnuam-Bawrai chhevelah te, Zawlpui kawngah te pawh a tâm zeng zung mai a, tâm lo erawh a ṭhahnem zawk. Henglai chhehvela tâm bak hi chu hmundangah kan hmuh chhunzawm lo thung. Zawlnuam leh a chhehvela a tâm dan phung hi a kahpaha tâm, “sporadic flowering” a ni.

Rawṭhing par leh a bawmtu, Zawlnuam 2015

Kum 2019 aṭangin Rawṭhing tâm hi hmuh a ni chho leh ta zauh zauh a, Covid lên vanglai, 2020 phei kha chuan hmun tam takah a tâm a, Darkhuang ram, Muallungthuah chuan a mual mualin a tâm a, Tuirial erawh a kai meuh lo thung. Chhuahchhawng lamah a tâm hmasa deuh zel niin a lang a, chhim leh hmar hawizawngin, Tuirial lui thlang lamah a ni tlangpui. Hemi achinah hi chuan Rawṭhing tâm hi hmuh tur a awm chho ta deuh reng a ni.

Rawṭhing tâm, Darkhuang ram, Muallungthu 2020

Kumin, 2024-a lo inher meuh chuan Tuirial chhak lam, Tuirini leh Keifang inkar kawngpui aṭanga lang thei chinah ringawt pawh a tâm hmuh tur a awm chho ta thluah mai. Hmundangah pawh a tahtawlin a tâm chho zel dawn niin a lang a, Ṭhingtâm sehsâm a ni chho mêk tihna a ni; kum 2026 – 2028 hi Ṭhingtâmpui hun tura ngaih a ni.

Ṭhingtâm hi ven theih a ni em?

He zawhna hi chhanna mumal pêk harsa angreng tak a ni. Ven theih a ni em tih tluk zeta pawimawh erawh ven tum chi a ni em? tih hi a ni. Mau lam chi ho hian chaw an khawl sa zawng zawng leh an chakna zawng zawng a par leh rah siamnan an hmang zo a, chuvanga thi ta ṭhina ngaih a ni a, natna hrik engemaw avanga tâm a ni lo. Scientist ṭhenkhat chuan hetia mau-raw lam chiin par a chhuah a, a thi chhunzawm ṭhin hi ‘suicide’ tiin an sawi ve fo ṭhin reng a ni. Leiṭha leh tui hnianghnar taka vur chuan a tâm loh theih mai rinna a awm. Leiṭha leh tui nena hnianghnar taka enkawl hi thil hautak leh buaithlak tak, sum leh pai leh tha tam tak sen ngaihna tur thil a ni, ramhnuaia leiṭha leh tuia va chawm tum phei chu tih sa loh loh a ni. Chu’ng enkawlna zawng zawng avang chuan a tâm lo tak tak angem tih pawh hriat a ni chuang hek lo.

Hetianga enkawl hian awmzia neiin tâm loh phah ta tak tak ta se, a inthlahpun zel danah nghawng a neih theih dan tur a awm thei bawk awm e. Siamtuin a duan dan (Biological clock)-ah kum 48 zela tâm a, thi tur a ni a, a thih hun tur tih khawtlai sak ngawt hian a hung ṭhan zelna kawngah te, a tisa chhungril lamah te (physiology leh anatomy) engtiangin nge nghawng a neih ang tih hi hriatphak piahlam thil a la ni rih. Tâm hun inanga tâm hi Biology ṭawngkamah chuan ‘Cohort’ an ti a, Cohort thuhmun chu chi-bul thuhmuna ngaih an ni. Chi-bul thuhmun, Cohort inang hi ram hrang daihah pawh awmsela, siamtuin hunbi a ruat sak hi an bawhpelh ngai lo a, an tâm rual ngei ngei ṭhin.

Rawṭhing par chhunga mi, a rah-chi a insiam theihna tura pawimawh Androecium leh gynoecium

2017 chhoa Talân a tâm khan Zemabawka Talân hung pakhat, tuiluankawr kama awm chu tuiin a chiah hnawn hneh deuh khan a tâm leh dawn lo emaw tih turin hnah thar te a chhuah a, ro-ai ṭan kha a hring ṭha leh viau a, mahse thla hnih-khat hnuah erawh chuan a tâm chhunzawm leh ta tho mai. Chuvang chuan Rawṭhing tam chho mêk pawh hi ven tak tak theih a nih a rinawm chiah lo zawk a ni.

Engtia hmalak tur nge ni ang?

Ṭhingtâm kan hriat hmasakber an tawrh dan leh a hnulama tâm mipui ten an tawrh dan inang lo ta viau hian Rawṭhing tâm chi tla, lo ṭiak a, lo ṭhang chho leh tur (regeneration) venhim a pawimawh zia a tarlang chiang viau mai. Hemi kawnga hma la thei turin Sorkar pawh a inbuatsaih chhoh a ngai awm e. Ṭhingtâm aṭanga kum 7 chhung vel tal chu Rawṭhing tuai hi khawrh loh ni se a duhawm. A tâm ṭiak, a bul (rhizome) a lo insawhngheh a, a puitlin deuh hma loh chuan khawrh leh sah loh ni thei se a duhawm hle. Chu chuan Rawṭhing inthlahpunna leh ṭhan zelna kawngah nasa takin awmzia a nei dawn a ni. Bul puichanglo leh no lutuk chuan tuai a chhuah ṭha thei lo a, tuai a chhuah tam thei loin, tuai a chhuah pawh a lian tak tak ṭhin lo; a tuai a len loh miau chuan a pum a lian thei lo.

Rawṭhing tâmna hmun te loa ṭheh rih loh te, a kan lohna tura hmalak te pawh a ṭul dawn hle a ni. Rawṭhing chi leia tla, lo ṭo (regenerate) leh hian bul-puichang ṭha (coarse root/rhizome) a neih hmaa kangmei a tawrh chuan inthlahpunga tuai chhuah tur awm lovin a rem thuai mai dawn a ni. Hei hi 1880 hnulama Mizorama Rawṭhing a tlem chhoh tak zel nachhan pawh niin a lang.

A chi a tam thei ang ber kui ṭiah a, phun darh te pawh a pawimawh dawn hle bawk. Sik leh sa leh khuarel thil avang te, eichhetu hrang hrang avang te leh mihring te kuthnu thil hrang hrang avang tein ramhnuaia amaha ṭiak a, lo ṭhangchho leh tur hi tih sukuk awl tak a ni. Chumi ven nan chuan a chi kui a, phun darh mai theih tura a ṭiak lo neih (Germplasm conservation) hi a ṭul hle dawn a ni. Tin, “Rawṭhing tâm hi a thi dawn tho tho” tih avanga a chi tla tur pawh awm lék lo khawpa suat rêm a hlauhawm viau bawk. Chutiang thil a thlen lohna turin mitinte kan ṭanrual a ṭul. Ṭhingtâm avanga ṭam chu kan tuar tawh kher lo maithei, mahse Ṭhingtâm laia kan hmalakna hrang hrang avangin kan rama Rawṭhing hi kan ti mang hlauh thei a ni tih kan hriat a pawimawh hle a ni.

[VANGLAINI chanchinbu 16.09.2024-ah tihchhuah a ni]

Ṭhingtâm chungchang report Scientific paper kan tichhuah tawh te en duh tan a hnuaia link-ah hian download theih a ni:
1. Sporadic flowering of Bambusa tulda in Mizoram: A preliminary report Science Vision 17(3):160-162
2. Gregarious flowering of a geriatric semelparous bamboo – Bambusa tulda Roxb. in Mizoram, India Current Science 120(7):1142-1143

INREMNAN TUI

“Middle East-ah hian indopui a chhuak leh a nih chuan tui inchuhna avang a ni ang” Boutros Boutros-Ghali, former UN Secretary General

Tui avanga buaina hi thilthar a ni lo a, hmakhawsang aṭanga awm tawh a ni. Thuthlung hlui hunlai pawhin Abrama chhiahhlawh te leh Lota chhiahhlawh te pawh an lo intihbuai phah tawh a (Gen. 13), chutiangin Mesopotamia rama mite leh Abrahama thlahte pawh an lo innghirngho phah fo tawh a nih kha. History lam kan en phei chuan hmuh tur tur tam tak a awm bawk. Mizoramah erawh chuan lui tui inchuh vang nilovin tuikang nghak han intibuai ta deuh te, PHE tuisem nena inhnial buai te, dawng tlem bik leh dawng tam bik nia inhriatna avanga inremlohna te a awm fo thung. Sawi tur ting chuan khawi khaw tuilâkna emaw lo lak pên avanga buaina te chu a awm ve zauh zauh awm e.

Tui avanga innghirnghona

Khawvel ram hrang hrang kan thlir erawh chuan tui avanga innghirnghona nasa tak, hmanlai hun aṭangin a lo awm tawh ṭhin a, indo phah hial te pawh an awm a, tun thlenga insemzai tuma inbiakna la chhunzawm zel pawh an awm bawk. India ramah pawh state leh state innghirngho tam tak an awm bawk a: Krishna Water Dispute – Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana leh Andhra Pradesh te inkara buaina te; Cauvery Water Dispute – Tamil Nadu leh Karnataka inkara buaina te, leh Satluj Yamuna Link Canal – Haryana leh Punjab te hi a langsar zual a ni awm e. Tunhma deuh khan Tipaimukh tuikhuah kha mi ṭhenkhatten duhloin an dodal a, kha kha ngun taka ngaihtuah chuan a dodaltu te lo mikhual ṭhintu sorkar lamin an ngaimawh a ni thei angem? Tih zawhna rilruah a awm ṭhin; an rama luifintu pawimawh tak, an ram luipui hnar a nih ve tho avangin. Khawiah emaw lui tui dan chah hian hmundangah harsatna a siam ṭhin a, chu chu ram hrang hrang leh hnam hrang hrang te intihbuaina hnar a ni ṭhin reng a ni.

Pacific Institute-in an tarlan danin BC 2500 aṭanga kum 2022 thlengin tui avanga innghirnghona hi khawvel hmun hrang hrangah vawi 1634 a thleng tawh a, heng intihbuai dan hi kawng thumin an ṭhen a – Tui inchuh avanga buaina te (trigger), hmelma te tuikawng dan chah te, tui leh tuichhia hmanga hmelma te beih – an thlai hmun leh khawpuia tuichhe paih te (weapon) leh indo leh intihbuai avanga midang tui kawng leh tui khawlna tihchiat sak (casualty) te hi a ni.

Kum 2000 – 2021 inkar chhunga Khawvel ram hrang hranga tui vanga innghirnghona leh an innghirngho dan chi hrang te (Courtesy: www.pacinst.org)

Animated movie lar ve tak mai “Rango-a” Dirt khaw Mayor “Tortoise John-a” chuan “Tui thunun la, engkim i thunun a ni mai” tiin Dirt khaw Sheriff, Rango-a hnenah a sawi a. A thawnthu kalzelah Dirt khaw tui supply thunun tuma an Mayor-in a ruahmanna te chu Sheriff Rango hian chhuichuakin a ṭingmit ta a ni. Hei hi lemchan thawnthu mai nilovin thil tak tak a ni chhho ta zel a ni. Luihnar lama awm ten lui khuah a, a tam thei ang anmahni tana hman a, thunun an tum a, lui mawng lam ram ten duh loin an lo dodal ve thung a. Chutiang zelin tui inchuh avanga indo peih atin an awm ta ṭhin a ni. Heng karah hian Mizorama kan harsatna leh kan hmabak hi ngaihtuah zui ngai laia chu a ni.

Mizorama Tui siakchhuah leh a kaihhnawih

Tui hi mitinin kan mamawh, a loa kan awm theihloh avangin kan chan dan a rualkhai loh chuan buaina bul lian tak a ni tih a chiang hle a ni. Fiara’n tui thuhruk a hmuhchhuahna chhan pawh kha tui harsatna vang – an chan rualloh vang bawk a ni a; chu Fiara tuia pawh chu tunlai thlengin kan la inchuh zui ta zel bawk a. Mitin mamawh, mitinin rualkhai taka kan chan theih hi duham avang te, enkawl dan dik tawk lo avang te, lui leh tuihna tichhia a, tibuai thei hmalakna hrang hrang avang te, pawhlah taka leivung leh hnawmhnawk paih avang tein kan ti bawlhhlawh mêk a, kan tuihna kan tikiam zel bawk.

District khawpui hrang hrangah tui siakchhuah hna sorkarin a thawk a, heng tuisiakchhuahin mihring a chawm theih zat tura an beisei hi, Lawngtlai leh Champhai tihlohah chuan, a aiin tlantu an tam vek tawh a, a nih tur angin lo siak chhuak thei pawh nise hmundang zawngah chuan kan kham dawn chuanglo tihna a ni. Sorkarin theihtawpin hma a la a, khawlian deuh chuan tui lakna mumal tak kan nei ta deuh vek mai bawk. A lawmawm khawp mai.

District Capital hrang hranga Greater Water Supply Scheme leh a chawm theih zat tura ngaih

Chutih rual chuan, tui siak chhuahna tur tui dawt thlunzawmsa vek neiin, a dahkhawlna tur tuizem eng anga lian pawh nei ila, siak chhuah tur tui a awm loh chuan tuia kan harsatna hi a kiam dawn chuang lo a. Tui semrual kawngah harsatna lian tak kan tawk chhunzawm zel dawn tihna a ni. Chuvang chuan luia tui a awm reng theih nan luitui leh leihnuai tui tipungtu kan ramngaw te kan humhalh a, kan vawnṭhat a ngai a ni.

Khaw ṭhenkhat chu ram nei zim tak, thlawhhma lakna tur ram pawh nei mang lo, tui lakna tur pawh nei chuang lo, khawdang rama tui lak ngai te an ni. An tuilakna ram neitu khua leh an tuidawtin a paltlang tur khua te nen inrem taka an awm zel a ngai tihna a ni a. Tui inchuhna avangin emaw, kha tui veka kha hmanruaa hmangin emaw, an tuilakna leh khawlna intihchhiatsak hmangin emaw buaina chhuak thei reng a ni a, chumi piah lamah mi khaw ram a nih miau avangin kha ram neitu khua khan lo intitatuin kha ram kha lo bawh duh ta se an tuihna a kang mai dawn tihna a ni bawk. Mizo te hi khaw rilru la lian tak mai kan nih avangin mi phanih inkara buaina pawh khua leh khua inkara buainaah a chang daih thei, chuvang chuan tui hi kan buaina bul a la ni thei dawn tih hi a chiang hle a ni.

Lui, ruahtuia innghat

Mizorama lui te hi ruahtuia innghat tho a ni a, ram danga luipui dang te anga vur tuiin a chawm a ni ve lo a. Hei vang hian kan ram Leilung kan enkawl dan hian kan luia tui awm dan te, kan tuikhur leh siha tui awm dan te a hril a. Sih tui te hi ruahtui lei chhunga lut lo irhchhuak leh a ni tih kan hriatthiam a, tuikhura tuihna chhiat leh ṭhat chungchang pawh ruahtui luan ral dan leh leia a inbirh luh danah a innghat tih kan hriat a pawimawh hle bawk.

Sawi leh sawi hnu, lei chhunga tui a luh a, leihnuaia tuizem (aquifer/water table)-a tui a tlin tam theihna tur chuan leiah ruahtui a inbirh luh tam a ngai a, luangral a tam chuan leihnuai tuizem hi a khat hleithei dawn lo tihna a ni. Ruahtui luangral tur venna ṭha tak chu ramngaw humhalh te, awmze neia leilung enkawl te hi a ni. Lei hnuai tuizema tui birh luh kawngah Khelmual-leichar, phaitual hnim ṭo pheuh pheuhna nge phullem phahna hian thawhhlawk ang tih hi rilrua zawhna a awm ve reng ṭhin a ni, zirchian tham tak a ni ang.

Inremnan tuihna humhalh

Tui hi buaina bul a nih theih chuan inremna bul pawh a ni thei a ni tih erawh a chiang viau mai. Tui chungchanga a bul leh a tawp, sawi luh zel loh theihlohna chu ram leilung kan enkawl dan bawk hi a ni a. Mipakhatin ram zau tak tak a neih hian vantlang ram a zim telh telh tihna a ni a, chu chu a leh a lingin ramngawin a tuar ta hlauh ṭhin a ni. Ramngaw humhalhna kawng pawimawh tak mai chu mimal ram neih theih dan chin bithliah a ni. Mimal, hmun hrang hranga ram tam tak nei awm bik lo sela kan ramngaw a kiam loh phah anga tuihna tlem zel tur a ziaawm phah ang a, innghirnghona a tlem phah ang. Tui kan hnianghnar tlan na na na chuan ṭhenawm pawh kan inngeih bik a, khawtlang pawh kan lungrual bik nge nge ṭhin!

Tuihna humhalh a ṭul thu kan tlangaupui a, kan ṭhangharh nasa a, hma pawh kan la nasa, amaherawhchu kan humhalh tur bera hi kan chiang tawk lo deuh em aw a tih theih. Tuihna hian a huam a zau a, tuikhur awmna mual emaw tuikhur chhak lam ruam emaw chauh hi kan kawhtir fo ṭhin a, hei hi chu a dik ziktluak lo deuh. Tuihna hi thil chi hrang hrang ṭangrual avanga lo awm a ni tih kan hriat thar leh a pawimawh. Tuihna nei tur chuan ramngaw a pawimawh a, sik leh sa a pawimawh bawk a, tuihna huamchhunga mihring te khawsak dan phungin nasa takin nghawng a nei bawk. Heng zawng zawng hi kan siamrem a, kan ṭanho tir a ngai a, khaw hrang hrang te leh sorkar pawh kan thawhho ṭhat a ngai bawk a ni.

Mitinin rualkhai taka, kan mamawh ang zela, tui kan dawn tlan chuan harsatna leh buaina a kiam ṭhin; buaina a awm loh na na na chuan inrem chu awlsam tak a ni tawh. Tui kan hnianghnar theihna turin mitin te kan pawimawh a, tuihna leh ruahtui hi mihring te khawsak dan phungin nasa taka a nghawng avangin kan tuihna ti kiam lo zawnga kan khawsak a ngai a ni. Khawvel ram hrang hrang leh hnam hrang hrang ten innghirnghonana an hman ṭhin tui hi remna leh muanna thlentua kan hman zawk hlauh theihna turin Pathian min pêk kan ram leilung kan enkawl dan hi tuihna tipung zawngin ni zel sela, midang te chanai huamhauh taka chuh buai a hnehin “sem sem dam dam ei bil thi thi” tih rilru kha i vawng nung zel ang u.

[Vanglaini XXXIX:71(6) March 26, 2024-ah tihchhuah a ni]

Tuihna humhalh chungchang article dang chhiar duh tan https://bambusapiens.com/tuihna-tuilairap/

Election Manifesto aṭanga teha Sorkar thar kan beisei dan tur – Environment lam zawngin

Inthlan dawn hian party tin te hian Manifesto hi an nei ve ziah hlawm a…a chang chuan “kan inziah ṭhat siak mai mai a lawm” te an ti a, an manifesto hi mipui ten kan bukna tur niawm tak a nih vei nen. Englekhawle, bial 40-a chuh kim vek party pathum (INC, MNF leh ZPM) te manifesto kha Environment lam tarmit aṭangin bih ve thuak teh ang.

Party tin ngaihpawimawh ‘Land Reform‘

Party tin te hian an manifesto-a dah vek an nei a, chu chu Land Reform a ni. Land Reform hi Mizoram mamawh tak a ni a, sorkarna siam, a tu a te pawh hian a takin bawhzui se, tihlawhtling se a duhawm ngawt mai. Kum 10 kalta, INC an sorkar nawn tirha Revenue Minister Pu Romawia khan, Revenue Department-a thawktu te nena hun an hman ho ṭumin “Zamindari system kan hlat lo” tih thu a sawi a. Mimal, ram zau tak tak engemaw zat nei an tam thu a sawina a ni ber awm e. Mimal ram zau zel leh environment hian eng nge inkungkaihna a neih a, chumi avanga kan ramngawin engtinnge a lo tawrh a, kan ei bar zawnna engtinnge a nghawng? tih zawhna a awm ngei ang.

Mizorama eizawnna pui ber chu lo neih a la ni reng a. Lo neihna tur vantlang ram a tlem telh telh a, a ngaiah an kual zing telh telh a, ram a len rei loh telh telh avangin lei ṭha a tlem tial tial a, thlai an thar hlawk lo ta telh telh mai a ni. Mihring kan pun zel avangin thlawhhma lakna tur ram kan mamawh a zau telh telh a, khaw ‘rizap’ meuh pawh ṭheh a ngaih chang a tam ta. Ram nei zim deuh khua phei chu an kual zung zung mai a, ramchang bawhin hla tak takah thlawhhma an lak te a ngaih phah ta fo a ni. Hetianga vantlang ram a tlem tak nachhan lian tak pakhat chu mimal ram a tam tak êm vang hi a ni awm e. Sorkar policy leh project hrang hrang kaltlanga ram an ṭheh te vantlang hnena let tawh lo a mimal rama a chang ta zel hi a chhan lian tak a ni ngei ang.

Mimal ram ngah tak tak an tam tak avanga harsatna awm chho mêk siamrem a, mimalin ram a neih theih chin bituk siam emaw, chhiah lak dan phung siamrem tel emaw hi Land reform hian a tum bulpui pakhat a ni turah ngai ta ila, kan va hlawk pui dawn em! Inhmun man to lutuk tih ziaawm nan te hlei hlei hian a ṭangkai ngawt ang. Mimal ram a tlem a, vantlang ram a tam chuan vantlangin inṭawma inhmanchhawk tur kan ngah dawn tihna a ni a, thlawhhma lakna ram kan ngah ang a, ram ngaw chereu zel tur venna ṭha tak a ni bawk ang.

Party te leh Ecosystem Environment

Party pathum zingah INC leh ZPM te hian an manifesto-ah Environment tih thupui an telh ve ve a, MNF hian an telh lo thung. INC leh ZPM hian Ecosystem Environment an sawi tel vê vê a, Sik leh sa danglam chak lutuk avanga harsatna kan tawh mêk laka inveng tura hmalak chungchang bakah hmasawnna hnathawh hrang hrangin kan luidung, ramngaw leh ramhmul te a tihbuailohna tura ven te pawh an sawi tel ve be bawk. Hnam party nia inchhal, MNF-in heti lam an telh lo hi an mangnghilh nge ni ang a, ṭul an ti lo tih hi zawhna awm thei tak a ni.

Hmasawnna hnathawh hrang hrang te hi a leh a linga environment tibawrhbangtu a nih ṭhin lawi si avangin fimkhur taka hmalak ngai a ni a. Hmasawnna ziktluak (Sustainable development) nei tur chuan hmasawnna ruhrel, hnam zia rang, ei leh bar zawnna leh environment te hi insubuai a, indipdal loin rem takin an kalho a ngai a, chutiang tura hmathlir chu sorkarna fawngchelhtu te mawhphurhna a ni. Chumi lam kawng chu min zawhpui an tum em tih hi election manifesto aṭanga teh chuan MNF hi chuan an tum lo hle niin a lang a, INC leh ZPM te erawh hi chuan hmalak an tum viau niin a lang.

Tun hnaia heti taka ṭhalaite zinga environment lama harhtharna a thlen chhan pawh hi heng hmasawnna hnathawh hrang hrangin dan leh hrai pawisa lek lova hma an lakna nghawng kan tawrh chhoh zel vang a ni a tih loh theih loh. Kawngpui sialna leivung paih nawmnah avanga kan lui tuiin a tawrh dan te, kawngpui hrula ramin a tawrh nasat zia te hi a taka tawngtu an nih vang a ni bawk. Ṭhal va ek char hma aṭanga tuikang nghah ngai ta te, fur lai a tui siak chhuah tlakloha lui tui a nut nasat avanga tui thianghlim lei ngai tlat te hi heng hmasawnna hnathawh hrang hrang ten environment zah lo taka an tibawrhban vang a ni bawk.

Tlipna

Fur ruahtui tlak danin kan thlai tharah nasa takin nghawng a nei a, fur ruahtui leh favang leh a hnulama ruahtui tlak danin a kumleh thala tuia kan dinhmun tur nasa taka a nghawng avangin Mizoram hi environment ngaihthah thei kan ni lo! Hlei hluak taka Sik leh sa a danglam chhoh zel avanga tuar nasa ber tur state zing a mi, Mizoram hian kan dinhmun hrechiang chunga rorel ngam sorkar kan mamawh a. Election manifesto aṭanga teh chuan INC leh ZPM hian hemi lam hi an hawi avangin nasa taka hma la tura beisei an ni. MNF hian an manifesto-a an telh loh avangin tih an tum lo tihna a ni kher bik lovang, chiangsaah an ngai zawk pawh a ni thei. Engpawh nise, he Zoram hi hmangaih tak zettu chuan he ram, kan neihchhun a chhiatna tur kawng zawng chuan ro an rel duhin a rinawm loh a. Mipui te pawhin hemi lamah hian kan ngaihtuahna kan sen a, fet taka kan teh te pawh a ngai tawh a ni.

KAMTU MAMAWH LUNGPUI

Lungpui pawh lungtein a kamki loh chuan a awm theilo

Mizo thufing chuan “Lungpui pawh lungtein a kamki loh chuan a awm theilo” a ti a. Leilung leh a chhunga thil awm zawng zawngte hi inmamawh tawna inpengtawn, inei tawn a, inchawm tawn kan ni a; thilnung pawh, thilnunglo pawh inkamki a, inring tawn kan ni. Kan inkamki-na lungte hi pheha a awm chuan din ngil a harsa a, nghet taka din phei chu a hautak lehzual a ni. Thilsiam hrang hrang te leh an chenna hmun te a lo chereu-a, inchawm tawn theiloa an lo awm a, an inkamki-na pheha a awm hian harsatna leh buaina chi hrang hrang a lo awm ṭhin a, chu chu “ecological balance buai” kan tih chu a ni a, chu chu ‘Ecological Crisis’ bulpui chu a ni.

Ecological balance a buai tih ṭawngkam hi kan hman uar pawl tak a nih avangin inthlahrung lo takin kan hmang chhunzawm zel ang. Ecology ṭawngkamah chuan heng thilsiam hrang hrang te inlaichinna tihbuaia a awm hian “disturbance” an ti a, heng tibuaitu hi chhan hrang hrang avanga awm thei a ni a, hlawm lian tak pahnih – Khuarel kalphung leh mihringte khawsak phung vang tiin a sawi theih bawk. Ecological balance buai avanga harsatna kan tawh chhoh mek langasar tak mai chu ‘Climate change,’sik leh sa danglam hi a ni.

Climate Change – Sik leh sa danglam
Leiin ni a helna kawngah leh a vir kual dan (rotation and revolution) avangin ni zung a dawn zat te, a dawn hun chhung te a danglam hret hret avangte pawhin lei hi lum chho telh telh a, chu chu erawh khuarel kalphung pangngai a ni a, a muang a, thilsiam dangte pawhin a danglam tih an hriat tham loh khawpa muang a ni thung. Industrial Revolution hnulama khawvel sik leh sa danglam chhoh dan erawh mihring te khawsak dan phung hrang hrang avanga khawvel tilum thei thil “Greenhouse gas” an tih mai a lo pun tak chiam avang te, sik leh vawngtu pawimawh ramngaw a lo chereu zel avang tein khuarel kalphung piahlam aia chakin khawvel a lo lum chho ta zel a, chu chuan thilsiam chi hrang hrangteah nghawng lian tak a nei chho ta zel a ni.

Sik leh sa danglam avanga harsatna awm thei te
Sik leh sa danglam chak lutuk avanga kan tawrh theih hrang hrang a awm a, chung zingah chuan khawvel lum chho zel avanga natna leh hri chi hrang hrang lo hluar zel te, khawchin mumallo, ruahtui insem ruallo, thlipui na tak tak tleh fo thin te, thal na tak te leh ni sa ta lutuk te, tuifinriat chim chin sang zel te bakah thildang tam tak a awm awm e. Tun tumah hian thil chi hnih lek kan thlir ho dawn a ni.

1. Dam khawchhuahna kawngah
Mizoram hi tlangram a ni a, ruahtui dawng ram kan ni bawk. Kan thlawhhmaa thlai kan chin te hi ruahtui (Monsoon)-in a chawm len a ni a; thlawhhma enkawltu tam ber innghahna chu ruahtui a ni. Luitui lak pêna thlai chawmna tur nei aiin neilo an tam zawk a, chutiang tihrema awm chu a tlem zawk an ni bawk. Hei vang hian Mizoram hi sik leh sa inthlak danglam chak lutuk tuar nasa tur zinga ngaih kan ni a.

Kum 2017-a ruah sur tam lutuk avanga nasa taka lian a, a kuanga luangliam hial kha kum 2021-ah chuan a kangchat ti tih der mai. Chhan hrang hrang awm thei zingah kum 2020-a ruahtui tlak dan insem ruallo te, a tla chhun pawh leilung kan hman dan (Land Use System) avanga luangral nasa lutukin leihnuai tui – tuihna (Ground water) a siam tawk loh vang a ni tih chiang takin a hriat theih.

Kan thlawhhmaa thlai thar a chhiat a, hawpkhawp pawh kan thar loh a, tuikhur leh lui tui a kang chah hlauh chuan buai namênloin kan buai dawn tih a chiang reng mai. Leilung enkawl dan ṭha zawk, daihrei zawk kan ngaihtuah a ngai a, hmasawnna – sum leh pai zawnga hlawkna ringawt nilo, thilsiam tinreng – nunna nei leh neilo te inkamki tawnna phet lo zawnga hmasawnna kan mamawh tak zet a ni.

2. Climate Change Refugee
Sik leh sa danglamin a tihbuai avanga hmun ṭha zawk zawng te, mahnia zawn ngaihna hrelo a, teirawlai te, an damkhawchhuahna tur a nih phawt chuan ramriin a phuar ve loh mi engemawzat an awm chho zel dawn tihna a ni a. Mizoram hi chu’ng raltlante avanga tuar nasa thei ber te zinga mi chu kan ni. Sorkar leh Kohhran pawh he’ng lo hmachhawn a, beih let a tul pawha bei let tura tun aṭanga inbuatsaih chhoh a ṭul viau.

Sik leh sa danglam engtia hmachhawn tur nge?
Tuihna humhalh kan tlangaupui a, ram pum huapa hma kan lak mêk lai hian tuihna tibuai thei thlai leh thing chawk luh kan la tum fo mai hi ngaihtuah ngun a ngai khawp mai. Chutiang bawkin Pathianin he rama a dahsa thing leh mau, thlai leh nungchate duhkhawp lova ramdanga mi, exotic species an tih mai, kan lakluh fo hian kan rama awmsa, thil nung leh nunglo te inlaichinna leh inkamkina a su buai thei a ni tih kan hriatchian a pawimawh hle bawk. Kil hrang hrang aṭanga uluk taka zirbingna neih a nih hnua an hmuhchhuah dan a zira bawhzui chauh ni ṭhin se la chuan sik leh sa danglam kan tawrh dan pawh hi a zia awm ngei ang.

Tunlaia sik leh danglam chak dan hi mithiam ṭhenkhatte chuan ‘abrupt climate change’ tiin an sawi deuh kher ṭhin. Hei vang hian khawvel sik leh sa danglam chak lutuk tuar dai a, ṭhan hnan (adapt) thei turin nungchate leh hnim leh thlai te hi an insiamrem ve hman lo a ni ber a, hemi dolet theihna kawng awlsam ber chu thilsiam tinreng te inkamkina siamṭhat (Ecosystem Restoration) a ni. Ecosystem Restoration pawimawh zia hi hriaiin UN chuan kum 2021 – 2030 hi ‘Decade on Ecosystem Restoration’-ah a puang hial a ni.

Ecosystem Restoration hian a tum ber chu thilsiam tinrengte inkamkina siamṭhat a ni a. Thingphun vak vak ringawt lam nilovin ngaw awmna ṭhina ngaw a lo awm theihna tura hmalak te, thlaler hmun chu a nih anga awmtir leh te, ngaw leh thlaler, tuipui leh tuifinriat, vur ram leh tlangram, phaizawl leh luia thilsiam chi hrang hrang – nunna nei leh neilo te inkamkia, inlaichinna leh inrintawnna tih nun thar leh a ni. Hemi tihlawhtling tur a kawng pawimawh hmasa ber chu tualṭo thing leh mau, thlai leh nungcha humhalh-a tihpun a ni a, hmundang aṭanga lakluh leh chi thar lakluh lam chu a hawi lem lo.

Tlangkawmna
Hmalatu an awm loh a, an kal dan ngairenga an kal chuan a nghawng tur chu nasa tak a ni lawi si. Hei vang hian mahni phak tawka, tlem lua awmlovin – heng harsatna lo thleng thei hmachhawn tura kan inbuatsaih sauh sauh a ngai a, Kohhran te pawhin a mite a zirtir a, a buatsaih ve zel a ngai a ni. Ei leh bar zawn dan kawng thianghlim leh hrisel (sustainable) zawk, hmasawnna ziktluak (sustainable development) nei thei tur a inzirtir leh ke pen a pawimawh zel dawn bawk, chutiang chu duh a, ram roreltute laka beisei tur pawhin Kohhran mite inzirtir a pawimawh hle bawk. Pathianin enkawl tura min pêk kan ram leilung leh a chhunga nungchate chunga kan mawhphurhna hlen tura nasa leh zuala kan inzirtir a pawimawh tak zet a ni. Leilung leh a chhunga thil awm zawng zawng te hi bul thuhmun, siamtu thuhmun – inmamawh tawn ṭheuh, dingchhuak tura kamtu mamawh ṭheuh kan ni; kan inkamkina hi pheha a awm lohna turin kan mawhphurna kan hlen a pawimawh tak zet a ni.

[Aizawl Theological College Annual Magazine 42-na, “Christianity and Crisis-ah” tihchuah a ni]

Oil Palm chin leh a nghawng

Zirbingna hmun hrang hranga Ecosystem leh a kaihhnawih zirbing thin – Dr. David C. Vanlalfakawma, Asst. Professor, Dept. of Forestry, MZU te, C. Zohmingsangi, Research Scholar, Dept. of Environmental Sciences, MZU te, Dr. Lallianpuii, Scientist C, Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun te leh Dr. Saipari Sailo, Scientist C, Zoological Survey of India, Jabalpur ten mahni zirbing lam ṭheuh aṭanga Oil Palm chungchanga an thlirna te hlawmkhawmin an rawn chhawp chhuak e.

Oil Palm hi Mizoramah hian kum 2000 – 01 chho khan Agriculture Department lama thawktu ten, India chhim lam aṭangin, enchhin turin an la lut a, kum 2004 – 05 aṭanga hma la ṭanin, kum 2005 – 06 aṭang khan vung taka kal chhohpui a ni a, India Hmarchhak state-te zinga Oil Palm chîng hmasa ber kan ni a, “The Mizoram Oil Palm (Regulation of Production and Processing) Act, 2004” hmangin dan mumal tak hmanga buaipui a ni.

National Edible Oil Mission-Oil Palm (NMEO-OP) scheme-in India rama Palm Oil thar chhuah tih pun tumin, tun aia lêt thum a tam, metric ton nuai 11 thar chhuak thei turin hma a la mêk a, chumi hlenchhuak tur chuan Oil Palm hi ram hectare nuai 10 a zaua phun belh a ngai dawn tihna a ni. He Scheme hmang hian Mizoramah pawh hmalak tumin inbuatsaih chhoh mêk a ni a, Central sorkar-in ₹11,040 Cr zet a thehchhuah tur aṭanga cheng engemawzat dawn hi keini ang State pachhe deuh tan chuan a itawm dawn ngar ngar teh e.

Kan duh hluaia kan bawh huk, kan duh leh takloh, kan hnawl mêk tharthawh leh tumna hian ngaihdan hrang hrang a cho chhuak a, a duh pawl leh duh lo pawl, a do pawl leh a fakmawi pawl an zi nuk mai. Tun ṭumah hian zirbingna hmun hrang hranga Ecosystem leh a kaihhnawih zirbing a, thlir dan hrang hranga thlir thinten, mahni zirbing lam ṭheuh aṭanga thlirna te hlawmkhawmin kan rawn thawh ve thung dawn a ni.

Serchhip rama Oil Palm hmun a ṭhen an kar a, a ṭhen an hal a, a ṭhen a la ding! 13.01.2021

Oil Palm leh leiṭhatna

Lei a ṭhat leh ṭhat loh tehkhawng ber chu Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) an tih te leh soil nutrients (thlaite mamawh chaw ṭha leia awm) te hi a ni a. Oil Palm hmun hi a kum a pun ang zelin heng, leilunga leiṭha kan tih hrang hrang (SOC & Soil nutrients) te hi nasa takin a tlahniam zel a ni tih hi khawvel ram hrang hranga Scientist ten an hmuhchhuah tawh a ni a; India ram leh Mizoram chhung ngeia zirna-ah pawh hetiang tho hi hmuhchhuah a ni. Thlai mal-chin dang – Kuhva leh ṭhelret te nena khaikhin pawhin Oil Palm hmuna leiṭha tlakhniam dan hi a nasa bik hle bawk.

Oil Palm hi leiṭha leh tui heh tak mai, “Heavy Feeder” a ni a. Kum 25 an nih chhoh chinah phei chuan ṭhelret, kuhva leh thlai kumhlun dang te aiin leiṭha an mamawhna a sang zual bik êm êm a. Kum 20 – 30 dang a vei leh meuh chuan Oil Palm hmuna leilung chu thlai dang chin leh nan pawh a tlak tawh mang loh khawpin a chhe dawn tihna a ni. Mizorama Oil Palm chingtu ṭhenkhatte pawhin hei hi an tawng chho ṭan mêk a ni.

Nitrogen fertilizer hman nasat lutuk avangin pH (thur leh al zawng tehna) a tlahniam a, lei hi a thur tur aiin a thur phah ṭhin. Hei vang hian leia chaw ṭha (nutrients) kan tih te hi a tlem phah ta ṭhin a, tin, thlaiin a mamawh lemloh leh ṭhalo zawk (toxic elements) an tih te hi a san phah ṭhin bawk. Tin, Chemical fertilizer te phei hi luiah luang lut lehin, tui chhunga oxygen level a tihniam a, lui lam sa te nasa takin a nghawng a, mihringin lui lam sa kan lo ei ve leh aṭangin, kan taksaah harsatna chi hrang hrang kan lo tuar let ve leh chhawng ṭhin. Cancer tuar nasa Mizote tan phei chuan uar loh tur chi tak a ni zawk awm e.

Oil Palm leh Tui hna

Oil Palm hi leiṭha leh tui heh tak a ni tih kan sawi tawh a, an chhut danin Oil Palm kung khat hian nikhatah tui litre 300 lai a mamawha ngaih a ni. He tehkhawng anga teh chuan Oil Palm hmun hectare 2-a zauin nikhata tui a mamawh hi tun dinhmuna Mizorama cheng mipakhatin kum khat chhunga tui a mamawh aiin a tam fé zawk tihna a ni.

Oil Palm chin uarna ram, Indonesia leh Malaysia-ah te chuan Oil Palm chin an uar chinah an tui hna a kang nasa tih an sawi uar hle. Khawvel ramdangah pawh Oil Palm chin tamna hmun a tuihna kang chungchang an zirchianna chhiar tur tam tak a awm bawk. Mizoram ngeiah pawh kan tawng chho mek niin a lang. Dampa leh Mamit chhehvela Oil Palm chin uarna bula awm te chuan, Oil Palm chin nasat a nih hnuah tui hna a kang nasat thu an sawi ve mêk bawk.

Oil Palm hmunah hian ruahtui luanglut aiin a luangral a tam zawk a, lei chhunga tui hna insiam tur (groundwater recharge) nasa takin a tlakhniam phah ta ṭhin a ni. Kan luitui te a kang mêk lai leh kan tuihna kang mêk te humhalh tura ram puma hma kan lak mup mup laia thlai tui heh tak mai, tuihna ti kang thei hial tur khawp, lo chin pun chiam hi a inchawbelo takzet a ni.

Oil Palm leh nunna nei chi hrang hrangte

Khawvel ram hrang hranga Oil Palm hmun ten ramsa leh nungchate chunga harsatna a siam dan leh pawi a khawih dan chi hrang hrang, scientist-te’n an zir chhuah, hmuh tur a tam khawp mai. Ram leilung mil bik leh awmna bik nei nungcha te phei chu a suat hneh hle a, Indonesia rama nungchate te hi a tuar nasa zual an ni. An rama ramsa awm bik – zawng chi khat Orangutan te, Sakei leh Samak te hi mang mai hlauhawmah an awm phah mêk a ni.

Khawvel hmun hrang hranga Oil Palm-in nungchate a nghawng pawi dan mithiam te zirna 9143 lai mai lak khawma en dik a ni a, heng zirna awm tawh 9143 zawng zawng te hian Oil Palm hmun hian ramsa leh nungcha hrang hrang, a te ber aṭanga a lian ber thlengin a nghawng nasain, a ti chimit nasa hle tih an tarlang a ni (Savilaakso et al. 2014).

India rama Wildlife Scientist ṭha ber pawl, Dr. T.R. Shankar Raman chuan Mizoramah ngei, Oil Palm hmunin nungchate chunga nghawng a neih dan hi a lo zirchiang tawh a. He a zirchiannaah hian Dampa ngawpui, Oil Palm leh Teak hmun, Lo (ringthar) leh Chul ram (kum 0 – 8 léng) te a khaikhin a. Heng hmun hrang hrang chhunga thingkung awm te, sava chi hrang hrang awm te, an bit dan leh an tam dan te uluk taka a zir chian hnuah, “Oil Palm hmunah thingkung a tlem ber a, teak hmunin a dawt a, lo leh ngawah te a tam ber thung. Loa thingkung bit zawng hi Oil Palm hmun aiin a sang a, ngawchhung a sang fal hle. Oil Palm hmunah mau a awm lo a, chulah erawh mau a tam thung. Sava chi hrang 107 (ramhnuai-sava 94, dai-sava 13) chhinchiahah Oil Palm hmunah an tlem ber a (10), teak hmunin a dawt (38); Ngaw hmawr (58) leh ngaw chhungrilah (70) te chuan ringthar (50) aiin a sava chi hrang awm zat a tam zawk thung. Loah leh ngawa ramhnuai sava tam dan a thuhmun a, Oil Palm hmun aiin 304%-in a sang a, Teak hmun aiin 87%-in a sang bawk. Thlai mal chin-bingna aiin Loah leh ngawah sava chi thuhmun a tam zawk a ni” tih an hmuchhuak a, kum 2016 khan khawvela Sava lam chanchin zirbingna chanchinbu ngaihhlut ber “Ornithological Applications-ah” tihchhuah a ni nghe nghe (Mandal & Shankar Raman, 2016).

Chul ramah thing leh mau a ṭhan chak avang te, mau hmunin ngai a awh leh hma avangtein lo neih hi Monocrop plantation (thlai kumhlun mal-chin) aiin sava humhalh nan a ṭha zawk a, nungcha dangte chungchangah pawh a nih dan tho a ni tih chiang takin a hriat theih bawk. Oil Palm hmunah hian Sanghal, Thehlei, Sakuh leh Sazaw te ramvak miten an chang ṭhin nia sawi a ni a. Heng ramsa chi li te hi an damkhawchhuahna tura engpawh ei thei a, khawikipa khawsa thei ‘Generalist species’ an tih te an ni tih erawh kan hriatchian a pawimawh.

Oil Palm hmun atana thehchhuah tur ramngaw kan ngah tawk em?

Forest Survey of India (FSI) report hnuhnung berin (2019) a tarlan danin Mizoram zau zawng aṭanga teha zaa 85.41 hi ramngaw a ni. Report hmasa zawk (2017) nen tehkhin chuan ramngaw 180.49 sq km lai kan hloh tihna a ni. Ramngawin a tuam chin (85.41%) hi tam hle angin a lang nain, kan hriat atana pawimawh chu ‘Satellite hmanga en’ a ni tih hi a ni. Satellite thlalak hian plantation hrang hrang leh ramngaw tak tak a thliar hrang lem lo a, Satellite aṭanga ramngaw tuamchin anga lang kha a hmunah chuan ngaw chhah a awm vek kherlo tihna a ni. Tin, kan ramngaw neih dan hi a fahrah puan hlai a; ngawdur hi ar hmai tiat lek a ni.

Oil Palm demonstration plot, Serchhip 03.03.2011

Mizoramah hian humhalh bik ram (Protected Area) 1,728.75 sq km a zau kan nei a. Hei hi kan ram zau zawng aṭanga tehin zaa 8.20 chauh a ni a. FSI report-a ngaw tuam chin anga a tarlan 77.21% zet chu humhalh bik hmunin a huamlo tihna a ni. A kum telin heng kan ngaw te hi an heu duai duai reng bawk a ni.

Thingphun runpui te neiin, khawii emaw lai laia thingphun te hi a ṭangkai khawp mai, mahse ramngaw puitling tawh te’n khuarel kalphunga an thawh tur ang tak (ecological role) kha a hen zo tak tak chuang lo. A awmsa humhalh hi a pawimawh ber mai, ram ruak leh rambuaah te, a remchan dan ang phunbelh zel pawh a uar zel bawk ila.

Lo neih/ Mizo lo neih nge ṭha thlai/thing mal chin bingna kalpui?

Mizoram sorkar chuan kan lo neih danin kan ram leilung, ramngaw leh nungchate a tih chhiat nasat êm avang leh chu chuan khuarel chhiatna leh harsatna hrang hrang mihringteah a thlen ṭhin hi ṭhaloa a hriat avangin a aiah thlai/thing kumhlun mal-chin-bing hi policy hrang hrang (Jhum Control, NLUP, MIP etc) hmangin a kalpuia. Amaherawhchu a hmalama kan tarlan tawh angin, heng thlai mal-chin-bingna nena buk chuan Mizo lo neih dan phung pangngai hi a thlanawm zawk daih lawi si a ni. Inkaihhruaina mumal leh leilung tana pawilo thei ang ber tur ruahman te, lo neih tihmasawn tur zawnga leilung enkawl dan duan chhuah te, vahchap sawngbawl dan ṭha zawk leh kan tualṭo thlai ngaihhluta uar te hian kan lo neihin a nghawng ṭhalo hi a ti tlem leh zual dawn a ni.

Nghalchawm rama Oil Palm hmun 07.05.2020

Oil Palm hmun atana ramngaw kan ṭhiah hian a chhehvel khawtlang ram neihna chanvo tam tak a ti danglama, he’ng miten ngaw aṭanga an eitur leh ṭuldang, danin a phal china an hman ṭangkai ṭhin kha an chan nghal vek bawk a ni. Lo neih hi kan pi leh puten an lo tih ṭhin dan, kan hnam nun zia nena inzawm tlat a ni a. Kan hun pawimawh neih te, kan thla bi thliah hming te, kan kut te leh khawtlang nun hi kan lo neih dan nen a inzawm tlat a ni, Zopa pumchuak thiamna (traditional knowledge) hlu êm êm ṭhahnemtak a ken tel bawk avangin um bo ai chuan tun aia ṭha lehzual leh hlawk lehzuala lo kan neih theih dan ngaihtuah te, kan tualṭo thlaite hlawk lehzuala thar dan tur zir chian te, leilung hausaknain rei tak, kan tu chhuan leh chhuan leh chhawng te thlenga, a daih theih nana hma lak a ṭul tawh hle a ni.

Khaikhawmna

Oil Palm chingtute hian hlawkna an chhar tak tak em? tih hi ngaihtuah tham tak a ni a. Oil Palm hmun din tirh leh a ṭiak enkawlna tur an dawn piah lam kha an tharchhuah hralhna aṭangin hlawkna an chang tak tak em? tih hi chhut fe tham a ni. Sum leh pai tam tak leichhuak anga tarlan a ni fo a, Oil Palm hmun neitu chhungkaw zat nena chawhrual chuan hlawkna tak tak an char chuang lo niin a lang. Tin, Oil Palm chingtu mi tam takin an Oil Palm hmun an suat leh tak duak avang hian hlawkna a tira sawihmuh an nih ang kha an chang lo a, an bei a dawng a ni tih a hriat theih bawk. Chutih rual chuan Oil Palm hralhna aṭanga sum la lut an awm tih erawh phat rual a ni lo; a chingtu an tam ang aiin a hlawkna teltu an tlem riau si hi rilru kaptu chu a ni.

Oil Palm rah leh a thartu. Image Courtesy – Bika Renthlei

Oil Palm hmun atan kan ram rohlu – kan ramngaw leh nungcha te hi kan ser ral mai ang tih a hlauhawm takzet a ni. Mizoram hi sik leh sa inthlak chak lutuk (Climate Change) tuar nasa ber tur zinga an sawi kan nih mêk laia kan ram sik leh sa min vawn saktu – kan ramngaw leh nungchate dinhmun tiderthawng thei zawnga hmathar lak chiam mai hi mahni lulakna a nih loh pawhin a teuh viauin a rinawm! Intodelhna tura kan hmathlir hian sum leh pai hlawkna chauh nilvoin hlawkna tluantling zawk, khuarel chhiatna nasa tak thleng thei laka kan himna tur te, dinhmun hniam ber aṭanga sang ber thlenga kan inṭawm – kan sik leh sa, kan tui tlan leh kan boruak hip te tibawrhbang lo zawnga hmalakna te hi huam tel sela a duhawm takzet a ni.

Oil Palm-in ram leilung bakah nungcha chi hrang hrangte tana harsatna a thlen nasat zia leh, a chhehvela cheng mihringte tan pawh kawng hrang hranga harsatna a thlen dan hrechiang êm êm chunga sum leh pai tawktarha hetianga barhluih kan ni chho leh ta hian ngaihtuahna a ti thui a, kan ram min tihchhiat sak veka, kan hnam leh sakhua min chimih ṭhak mai hi pawi an ti lo em ni le? tia ngaihtuah theih tak a ni.

[Vanglaini (Mizo Daily) September 13, 2021-ah tihchhuah a ni]

Ziaktute:
Dr. David C. Vanlalfakawma, Asst. Professor, Dept. of Forestry, MZU
C. Zohmingsangi, Research Scholar, Dept. of Environmental Sciences, MZU
Dr. Lallianpuii, Scientist C, Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun
Dr. Saipari Sailo, Scientist C, Zoological Survey of India, Jabalpur

Rawmi

Mizorama tualṭo mau leh rua kan neih zingah Rawmi (Botanical name – Dendrocalamus sikkimensis) hi a lian ber a, a ṭhat duhna hmunah chuan ‘ui pum tia tia a ni thei e,’ an ti ṭhin; a tlang tehkuala 1ft hi chu a vantlang pawl a ni. Awm duhna hmun bik nei, Zo bawm (1000 – 1800m msl) a nih avangin mau leh raw dang ang chuan Mizoramah hian a ṭona hmun a tam lo a, Zo nazawngah a ṭo hek lo. Hei vang hi ni maw, raw dang ang chuan kan hmang nasa lo deuh. Mizoram bakah India hmarchhak state dang – Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Nagaland leh Sikkim-ah te a tualṭo a, tin, China leh Bhutan-ah te pawh a tualṭo bawk.

Raw lian tak (a lai hawlhtlanga 12 – 18cm), sang thei tak (17 – 22m), hung nei chi, chang dam zet mai a ni a, a pum a chhah lutuk loh avangin a deh a nuam viau bawk. Chutih rual erawh chuan a duap avangin engtiang taka tlo nge ni ang? Tih erawh ngaihtuah ngun deuh a ngai awm e. Tin, hmanraw dang hmanga sawngbawla tih tlo deuh pawh a ngai ngeiin a rinawm. Sikkim rama Bawṭe ho leh Lepcha ho chuan ‘Chungas’ siam nan an hmang uar hle a, chu chu tui leh bawnghnute bur atan an hmang ṭhin a, ran chaw atan an hmang ṭhin bawk. A hnah hi erawh bawng tan túr niin an sawi thung (Tewari, 1992). Kerala-ah kum 1992 khan lakluh a nia, anni chuan pal atan te, tui dawt atan te an hmang a (Jijeesh et al., 2012), tin, lehkhapuan siamna atana hmantlak a nih thu finfiah a ni tawh bawk (Holstrom, 1993). Mizote pawhin hmanlai chuan tui um atan an hmang nasa ṭhin a, thirdeng pûm atan te, dâp atan te pawh an hmang ṭhin bawk.

Rawmi tâm

Mau leh rua hian tâm dan hlun deuh bik chi hnih an nei a chung te chu tampui (gregarious) leh tam-kahpah (sporadic) a ni a, mau chi ṭhenkhat chu kum tina tam (annual) te pawh a awm ve bawk. ‘Chumi chi chu chutiang chuan a tâm’ tih ngawt hleihtheih a ni lo a, sik leh sa inher danin a nghawng dan leh a chi bul (seed source)-in kawngro a su viau niin a lang. Rawmi hi India rama a tâm an hriat theih hla ber chu kum 1885-a Sikim-a a tâm kha a ni a, Kalimpong chhehvelah kum 1916 chho khan tampui a thleng leh a, tin, Darjeeling chhehvelah kum 1991 khan tampui a thleng leh bawk (Sahoo, 1991).

Rawmi rah, Rengngo tlang, Dampa Tiger Reserve chhung, kum 2011 a mi (Inset: Rawmi chi fangkhat)

Mizoramah hian 1977 – 1979 chhung khan Sangau chhehvelah a kahpahin a tam a (Mohan Ram and Gopal, 1981), kum 2003 khan Serkhan chhehvelah a kahpahin a tam bawk a, tunhnaiah pawh a kahpah thoin hmun hrang hrangah a tam leh bawk a. Kum 2011 khan Rengngo tlang, Dampa Tiger Reserve chhungah a tâm a, a chi hi EF&CC leh a chi ka pêk mi ṭhenkhat te pawhin an kui ṭiak nual nghe nghe. Hemi hnu pawh hian khawi khawi emawah a tam pheuh pheuh a, nikum, 2020 khan Leitan, Mission Vengthlang, Keifang, Buhban leh Chalfilh tlang chheh vêlah a tâm bawk. Buhban leh Chalfilh a mi tihloh hi chu phun chawp vek a ni thung. A theih ang ang chu a hmuna tlawhin sample kan la a, amaherawhchu Covid avanga inkhuahkhirhna hrang hrang avangin duh angin kan bawhzuiin kan zirchiang hlei thei ta lo a, a uiawm tak zet a ni. Tin, heng chhinchhiah bakah pawh hian mautam rual leh a hnu deuhah khan hmun ṭhenkhatah a tâm thu sawi an awm bawk.

Saithah Forest Complex-ah Rawmi chi an kui ṭiak, 2011.

Rawmi plantation – a beiseiawm em?

Sawi tawh angin Rawmi hi Zo-bawm rua a ni a, tin, ngaw kara ṭo chi, ngaw thing-in a khai a ngai ṭhin. Chutianga rinchhan tur a thatna hmunah, boruak leh lei hnawng ṭhatna hmunah chuan pum lian pui pui a ni thei a, amaherawhchu rinchhan tur ṭha a awmlohnaah chuan a ṭhan a ṭhu deuh ṭhin niin a lang. Tin, rua rau rauah chuan inthlahpung chaklo pawl tak, tuai chhuah tlem pawl tak a ni bawk.

Rawmi tuai, Dr. C. Biakmawia kawmthlang, Leitan a mi, 2012

Chuvang chuan Rawmi plantation hi engtiang chiaha kalpui nge an tum tih hi zawhna awm thei tak a ni. Mau leh raw dang anga ramngaw vah fai vek a, hal hnua a ṭiak phun tawp hian a nun chu a nung maithei, mahse khaitu tur thing awm lo, lei hnawng vawnghimtu thingkung leh hnimdang awmlohnaah, ni sain a em tlawk tlawkna hmunah an beisei anga lian an thar thei angem? Tih ngaihtuahnaah a awm. Ngaw karah a ṭiak hi phun ta pheuh pheuh se hlawk tham tharchhuah a har viau si angem? Tin, ngaw kara phun ngawt hi Revised National Bamboo Mission (NBM) hmathlir nen chuan a inpersan viau bawk si.

Rawmi hung, a tâm hnu, Mission Vengthlang, 2020

Tin, buan a hmaa kherh kan ni em lovang chu maw, eng atana hmanah nge an hisap? tih hi zawhna lian tak a ni bawk. Ram danga an hman dan te thlir chuan rua ho zingah pawha hman lar loh pawl tak a ni a, a ṭhat bik riauna an hre fuh te pawh a lo ni reng thei tho bawk e. Engpawh nise bamboo composite atan chuan a hman tlak ngei ang tih erawh a rinawm. A van avang leh a len avang ringawta bawh huam huam chi a ni angem?

Rawmi hi ngaw karah, rinchhan tur thing a awmnaah chuan a lian thei bik hle. Rengngo Tlang, Dampa Tiger Reserve, 2011.

Rawmi hi NBM Guidelines-in chin tur a thlan zingah a tello a. Amaherawhchu he guidelines hian tualṭo mau, a chingtu tur te duhthlan leh Industry lama hman ṭangkai theih te chu chin a remti thung. Mau-raw plantation siam tur hi sorkarin a thlang fel tawh a, chu’ng mite chuan Rawmi hi an lo thlang a nih chuan sawisel tur a awm lovang. Tin, Industry lamin Rawmi hi an lo mamawh viau avang emaw Industry lamin a ṭhatna an hre viau a, an lo duh ru viau tawh emaw a nih tal pawhin sawisel theih a ni lovang. Chutiang chu a nih loh hlauh erawh chuan NBM kaltlanga ṭanpuina kan beisei hi kan dawng theilo ang tih te pawh a hlauhawm thei viau mai.

Rawmi tâmna hung kiangah Sanghal inbualna, Rengngo Tlang, Dampa Tiger Reserve, 2011

Tlangkawmna

Nikum khan Covid inkhuahkhirhna vanglai tak maiin Dendrocalamus brandisii leh D. latiflorus ṭiak supply tur zawnna tender tihchhuah a ni a, kuminah Covid avang bawka inkhuahirhna kalpui a nih lai taka Rawmi ṭiak supply tur zawnna tihchhuah a ni leh hi ngaih kawih a awl khawp mai. A hnathawktu te hnena, Sawrkarin, vehbur a khawn zawh hlima sum tam tak sênna tur tender tihchhuah hi a bawplawka lo la duh an awm a nih pawhin a mawh love. Tin, nikumah hmun ṭhenkhatah a kahpahin a tam a, a tira Sorkar Policy-a tel sa miah lo, tualṭo mah nise, kumina an han duh thar ta thut hian ngaihtuahna a ti kal thui viau bawk. Nikuma hmun ṭhenkhata tâm kha a chi lain tuin emaw, sorkara tlatlum takin, a lo kui ṭiak bik khiau em ni ang? tia ngaihtuah loh a har viau bawk.

Engpawh nise sorkarin kan rama tualṭo ngei tihpun duhna thinlung a pu ve ta hi erawh a lawmawm tak zet a, hmasawnna ropui tak niin a lang. Engtianga tih puitlin tur chi nge ni a, eng ‘ecosystem‘ nge a mamawh tih te, a hmanna tur leh a hralhna tur chenin thui tak an thlir lawkin ruahmanna an siam lawk ngei beisei ang.

Thu laknate:

Holstrom, J. 1993. Utilization of bamboos in the Sikkim Himalayas. BIC-India Bullettin 3(1):22 – 24.

Jijeesh, C.M., Seethalakshmi, K.K. and Raveendran, V.P. 2012. Flowering, reproductive biology and post flowering behaviour of Dendrocalamus sikkimensis Gamble, in Kerala, India. The Journal of the American Bamboo Society 25(1): 36-42

Mohan Ram, H.Y. and Gopal, B.H. 1981. Some observation on the flowering of bamboos in Mizoram. Curr. Sci. 50:708 – 710.

Sahoo, A.K. 1991. Flowering of Bamboos in the foothills of Darjeeling Himalaya. Indian Forester, 117:84

Tewari, D.N. 1992. A monograph on bamboo. IBD, Dehradun

[Vanglaini XXXVI, May 14,2021-ah tihchhuah a ni]