Environment – Bambu Sapiens

Tuihna Tuilairap

UNICEF-in a tarlan danin khawvel mihring tluklehdingawn 4 zet te hian kumkhatah thla khat tal tui harsatna namenlo an tawk ṭhin a, khawvel mihring tluklehdingawn 2 zetin an mamawh khawp tui an dawng lo a. Kum 2025-ah chuan khawvel mihring zat ve zet te hi tui harsatnain a tibuai dawn nia sawiin, kum 2030-ah phei chuan khawvel mihring maktaduai 700 zet chuan tui harsatna avanga an pem a ṭul tur thu an sawi bawk.

Hmakhawsang ata tawh tun thlenga Mizo nuna la bet tlat chu ‘tuikang nghah’ hi a ni awm e. Sorkarin theihtawp chhuahin mipui te tan, kawtkaiah tui han siak chhuak ve bawk ṭhin mahsela siakchhuah tur lam a tam tawk loh fo avangin kan khawro chhunzawm zel a, tuikangnghahin ban zai a rel hleithei rih lo a ni. Ruahtui dawng ram kan ni a, kumkhata chhunga kan ruahtui dawn hi tam tak a ni a, chuti chung chuan kumkhatah thla hnih-khat tal chu tui harsatna namenlo kan tawk ziah lawi si! Kan thlai leh ran te tana pêk tur chu sawiloh, mihring pawhin khamkhawp hman tur kan nei manglo ṭhin. PHE tuisém inbiakṭhat siak te, tuisem nia tui inchuha patling-nutling hmanhlel ngai reng mai te hi engtia tih tawp tur nge ni ang? He harsatna hi tu mawh nge ni ang? Tui hi a bo thei tak tak em? Kan tawrh hi tihziaawm theih a ni em?

A chang hi chuan Mizo te hi Laiking pawnpui tah tur an sawi ang mai hi kan ni te hian a lang ṭhin. Kumtin mai, ṭhal laiin lui a kang a, tui a harsat chiah hian hrehawm kan ti a, kan phul hluai a, hma thar lak dan tur, tuia kan ziaawm theih dan tur kan ngaihtuah a. Ṭo a lo hawng a, kan thla a muang leh deuh a, fur a lo thlen tak tak phei chuan ṭhal laia kan harsatna zawng zawng kan theihnghilh leh zo ta a, hmalak rêng rêng kan tum leh ta ṭhin lo. A ngai te bawkin khua a lo ṭhal leh a, tui buaiin kan buai leh a.

East Khankawn_ Zingkarah a duh apiang chawi theih turin vantlang tuipipe an hawng. Mar. 22, 2013

Tuihna humhalh turin lui humhalh

Kumkhata ruahtui kan dawn zat te (~208 cm), luipui kan neih zat te, luitê kan neih zat te chhut chuan engtiklaimaha tuia harsatna nei awmlo tak pawh kan ni thei mai awm e. Mahse kan ram leilung pianphung avang te, kan khawsakna hmun – tlang chhip a nih avang te hian kan ngah ang aiin kan hnianghnar lo; tui a chho luan ngawt thei silo. Tun dinhmunah chuan khaw hmun sawn tum ai chuan khaw awm tawhnaa tui hnianghnar kan neih theihna tur hmalak zel mai hi a samkhai tawh zawk ang.

Tui harsatna kan tawh te hrerengin YMA-in tuihna humhalh tumin theihtawpin hma a la, chumi azarah chuan khaw tam takin kan lui tui hnar te humhalhin ngaw a siam thar leh tumin hma kan la nasa a, kan inzirtir a, kan inkaihruai bawk a, a lawmawm tak zet a ni. Chutianga tuihna humhalh tuma a khaw nawta ṭan kan lâk a, a rampum huapa kan beih mêk lai chuan hmasawnna siper avanga kan tuihna tichhe vek thei thil tam tak kan bawh ruak ruak mai hi erawh a pawi takzet a ni. Heng hi chu hmasawnna khingbai a ni tih kan hriat a pawimawh.

Tlawng hnar, Zobawk. Jan. 20, 2023. Photo Courtesy – Zora Ralte

Kawngpui ṭha zawk nei tura hmalakna kal mêka leivung thehthang dan fimkhur tawk loh avanga kan luidung leh a chawmtu kawr ten a chhiatphah dan hi a lungchhiat thlak tak zet a ni. Hemi kawngah hian tlawmngaipawl leh miṭhahnemngai ṭhenkhat te hmalakna avangin tlem chuan kan ṭhangharh chho deuh niin a lang. Chutih laiin khaw tam tak ten kan khaw ramchhunga luipuia ṭiau lung leh ṭiau vut te Company hnena kan lo hralh ṭhin tih thawm awm hi a pawi tak zet a ni. Khawtual miten eizawnnana nikhata an phak tawk tlem tlem an lak hi chu thuhran a ni a, ngai a awh leh thei mai bawk a. Company lam te hi chuan khawl hmang meuha an lakchhuah avangin nikhatah tam tak an la chhuak a, lui luan dan vawnghima kaihruaitu ṭiau lung leh ṭiau vut te hi an bo duak chuan lui tuiin vaukam a len chhiat theihna kawng a inhawng zau sawt dawn a, chu chuan leimin nasa zawk a thlen thei dawn a, tin, luia nungcha tam tak te tan ei tur leh chênna tur a bo dawn bawk a, tin, lui tui lo thlifimtu a bo dawn tihna a ni bawk. A tawpa a nghawng tur chu ‘hydrological cycle’ an tih mai, luia tui te ruahtuia a lo insiam a, hmun hrang hranga a insem kual dan phung hi a ni.

Keitum to Bungtlang NH54 laih lai Mar. 1, 2023

Hausa tur chuan pawisa neih a ngai an tih ang deuhin tuihna nei ṭha tur chuan tui neih a ngai! Tui hi a luangral satliah lo a, kan hman tawh hnu kha kan hmang nawn reng a, kan hmang zo a, kan thli kha khawiah emaw a luang lut a, tuihuah changin ruahtuiah a lo insiam leh a, chutiang zel chuan a kual a kual ṭhin. Chung tui te leichunga an luankhawmna (surface water) chu lui te, tuipui te, tuifinriat te, dil te a ni a. Heng tui luankhawmna hmunah te hian tui a awm miau loh chuan tui hu a awm thei lo a, ruahtuia insiam tur a awm dawn lo.

Luikawr hnawha leivung paih hi Mizorama kawngpui laihzauh mekah hian hmuh tur a tam hle. Source: Anon.

Kawngpui laihzauhna leivungin kan luikawr leh lui a hnawh khah nghek nghuk hian he hydrological cycle hi nasa takin a khawih buai dawn a ni tih kan hriat a pawimawh a, kan thikthu kan tichhiat a hun tawh tak zet a, mahni khaw ram chin ṭheuhah hma kan lak a pawimawh hle bawk. Tin, luia ṭiau leh lung te company hnena hralh ṭhin khua te pawhin kan inen lêt a, kan sut leh te pawh a ṭul khawp mai. Mizo te hi tuikhur hnara in sak te, tuikhur hnar tih bawlhhlawh te duh lo ṭhin kan ni a, mahse chu zia chu kan lo kalsan ta viau mai, mi ṭhenkhat, kawngpui kam leh lui hnara hnawmhnawk leh leivung paih mai mai hmuh tur tam tak an awm ta fo mai hi a lungchhiatthlak takzet a ni. Heng mite hi ram leh hnam pawisawitu an ni tih kan hriat a, theihtawpa kan dodal a hun tawh takzet bawk a ni. Chuti a nih loh chuan khawtlang hmalakna dang – tuihna humhalh tuma tlang lama hma kan lakna kha a lo thlawn mai a ni dawn a, “ip pawpa thlak ang mai” tihna a ni.

Tuihna humhalh tur chuan thawhho a ngai

Khing kan sawi tak zawng zawng te khi Watershed Management chhungah a khung theih vek awm e. Watershed Management hian a huam zau êm êm a, kawng hrang hranga hmalak ngai a ni a, ṭanrual mai bakah a thawha thawhho ngai thil a ni. Tunhmain Sorkar programme – IWDP leh IWMP te a awm ṭhin a, kha vang kha ni maw, Watershed Management kan ngaihdan hi sorkar project pakhat hi ni berin a lang. Tui harsatna sutkian te, luitui vawn thianghlim te, tuihna humhalh te, humhalhna kawnga a nghawng tur mipui te ei leh bar zawnna ngaihtuah te thlengin Watershed Management thiltum lian ber a ni tih kan hriat thar a pawimawh khawp mai.

Ailawng rama springshed managment hnuaia hmalakna. Nov. 21, 2022

Chutih rual erawh chuan watershed management hi mal beih (pawl/department) a hlawhtling mai chi a ni lo a, ṭanrual a, thawhho ngai a ni. Engineer te, ecologist/environmentalist, economist te, social science lam thiam te, administration lam te, dan leh thupek kengkawhtu te, Agriculture leh a kaihhnawih lam thiam te, thiamna hrang hrang, hmalakna hrang hrang a luankhawm a ngai a, heng mite hi an thawhho a ngai a ni. Tuna Mizorama tuihna humhalh kan beih dan pawh hi ennawn deuh a, thawhhona ṭha zawk a awm a ngai tih a chiang viau mai. Sawi tawh angin tlangah, luihnar kan humhalh a, ngaw siam ṭhat kan tum mêk laiin lui kawrah, ruamah, leivung leh bawlhhlawh kan paih a, luia ṭiau leh lung kan hralh leh ang lawi a, heti hi chuan kan tum ber hi kan tleng dawn lo a, hun leh tha tam tak kan khawhral tihna a ni tel bawk.

Lamchhip dai-a khualzin chawl thin te hnuhma

Sorkar lamin an tihtur ṭha taka an tih theihna turin mipui ṭawiawmna an mamawh a, mipui ten kan tihtur chin kan tih a, kan tihloh tur chin kan tih loh ngam a ngai a, sum leh hlawkna um vanga hmalakna ang chi phei chu bansan hmak a pawimawh. Sorkar Department hrang hrang te pawhin thawhhona ṭha zawk nen, a kaihhnawih Department dang te nena inpawh tak chunga hma an lak a pawimawh tak zet bawk. Tuihna humhalh hian kaihhnawih a ngah a, ken tel a ngah a, chuvang chuan heng a nghawng tur hrang hrang te thlir chunga hmalak hi a pawimawh takzet a ni.

Tuilairap

Water Resource Management lama mithiam chungchuang, Glasgow University-a Distinguihsed Visiting Professor, khawvel ram hrang hrang 23 zet ten biak rawn taka an neih, lui tui enkawl leh humhalh zirbingtu pawl hrang hrang te finchhuahtu, Prof. Asit K Biswas-a chuan “tui harsatna a awm lo, a enkawl dan kawngah harsatna lian tak kan nei a ni zawk” tiin a sawi a. Mizoramah pawh he thu dikzia hi kan hmu chamchi mai. Mipui te tana tui thianghlim chhawpchhuah kawngah hmasawnna tur tam tak kan la nei a, tui thianghlim intur chhawpchhuah tur enkawla vawnhim kawngah, tuihna enkawl leh humhalh kawngah khua leh tui ten kan mawhphurhna kan hlen lo hle bawk. Tuihna leh lui kan enkawl dan a zirin kan banphaka tui thianghlim awm hi hman tlaklohah kan chhuah thei a, hmanphaklohah kan chhilh bo vek thei bawk tih erawh kan hriatreng a pawimawh. Puh leh chhawn tur an awm lo a, kan vaia mawh a ni a, kan ṭan tlana kan thawhho ṭhat chuan heng harsatna te hi kan sukiang thei a ni tih erawh hria ila, i thawhkho teh ang u khai.

Serchhip by-pass road hnathawh mek – Kawrhnawha leivung paih. April 28, 2023

Tuna kan dinhmun mêk hi ngaihtuah chian chuan kan tum berah kan chiang tawk lo a, tuihna humhalh kawngah hian “Tuilairapin” kan awm mêk rih ni berin a lang a, kan humhalh mêk kan tuihna te pawh hian luan ngaihna an hre meuhlo a, “tuilairapin” an awm ve mêk maithei a ni.

Vanglaini Chanchinbu May 13, 2023-ah tihchhuah a ni.

KAMTU MAMAWH LUNGPUI

Lungpui pawh lungtein a kamki loh chuan a awm theilo

Mizo thufing chuan “Lungpui pawh lungtein a kamki loh chuan a awm theilo” a ti a. Leilung leh a chhunga thil awm zawng zawngte hi inmamawh tawna inpengtawn, inei tawn a, inchawm tawn kan ni a; thilnung pawh, thilnunglo pawh inkamki a, inring tawn kan ni. Kan inkamki-na lungte hi pheha a awm chuan din ngil a harsa a, nghet taka din phei chu a hautak lehzual a ni. Thilsiam hrang hrang te leh an chenna hmun te a lo chereu-a, inchawm tawn theiloa an lo awm a, an inkamki-na pheha a awm hian harsatna leh buaina chi hrang hrang a lo awm ṭhin a, chu chu “ecological balance buai” kan tih chu a ni a, chu chu ‘Ecological Crisis’ bulpui chu a ni.

Ecological balance a buai tih ṭawngkam hi kan hman uar pawl tak a nih avangin inthlahrung lo takin kan hmang chhunzawm zel ang. Ecology ṭawngkamah chuan heng thilsiam hrang hrang te inlaichinna tihbuaia a awm hian “disturbance” an ti a, heng tibuaitu hi chhan hrang hrang avanga awm thei a ni a, hlawm lian tak pahnih – Khuarel kalphung leh mihringte khawsak phung vang tiin a sawi theih bawk. Ecological balance buai avanga harsatna kan tawh chhoh mek langasar tak mai chu ‘Climate change,’sik leh sa danglam hi a ni.

Climate Change – Sik leh sa danglam
Leiin ni a helna kawngah leh a vir kual dan (rotation and revolution) avangin ni zung a dawn zat te, a dawn hun chhung te a danglam hret hret avangte pawhin lei hi lum chho telh telh a, chu chu erawh khuarel kalphung pangngai a ni a, a muang a, thilsiam dangte pawhin a danglam tih an hriat tham loh khawpa muang a ni thung. Industrial Revolution hnulama khawvel sik leh sa danglam chhoh dan erawh mihring te khawsak dan phung hrang hrang avanga khawvel tilum thei thil “Greenhouse gas” an tih mai a lo pun tak chiam avang te, sik leh vawngtu pawimawh ramngaw a lo chereu zel avang tein khuarel kalphung piahlam aia chakin khawvel a lo lum chho ta zel a, chu chuan thilsiam chi hrang hrangteah nghawng lian tak a nei chho ta zel a ni.

Sik leh sa danglam avanga harsatna awm thei te
Sik leh sa danglam chak lutuk avanga kan tawrh theih hrang hrang a awm a, chung zingah chuan khawvel lum chho zel avanga natna leh hri chi hrang hrang lo hluar zel te, khawchin mumallo, ruahtui insem ruallo, thlipui na tak tak tleh fo thin te, thal na tak te leh ni sa ta lutuk te, tuifinriat chim chin sang zel te bakah thildang tam tak a awm awm e. Tun tumah hian thil chi hnih lek kan thlir ho dawn a ni.

1. Dam khawchhuahna kawngah
Mizoram hi tlangram a ni a, ruahtui dawng ram kan ni bawk. Kan thlawhhmaa thlai kan chin te hi ruahtui (Monsoon)-in a chawm len a ni a; thlawhhma enkawltu tam ber innghahna chu ruahtui a ni. Luitui lak pêna thlai chawmna tur nei aiin neilo an tam zawk a, chutiang tihrema awm chu a tlem zawk an ni bawk. Hei vang hian Mizoram hi sik leh sa inthlak danglam chak lutuk tuar nasa tur zinga ngaih kan ni a.

Kum 2017-a ruah sur tam lutuk avanga nasa taka lian a, a kuanga luangliam hial kha kum 2021-ah chuan a kangchat ti tih der mai. Chhan hrang hrang awm thei zingah kum 2020-a ruahtui tlak dan insem ruallo te, a tla chhun pawh leilung kan hman dan (Land Use System) avanga luangral nasa lutukin leihnuai tui – tuihna (Ground water) a siam tawk loh vang a ni tih chiang takin a hriat theih.

Kan thlawhhmaa thlai thar a chhiat a, hawpkhawp pawh kan thar loh a, tuikhur leh lui tui a kang chah hlauh chuan buai namênloin kan buai dawn tih a chiang reng mai. Leilung enkawl dan ṭha zawk, daihrei zawk kan ngaihtuah a ngai a, hmasawnna – sum leh pai zawnga hlawkna ringawt nilo, thilsiam tinreng – nunna nei leh neilo te inkamki tawnna phet lo zawnga hmasawnna kan mamawh tak zet a ni.

2. Climate Change Refugee
Sik leh sa danglamin a tihbuai avanga hmun ṭha zawk zawng te, mahnia zawn ngaihna hrelo a, teirawlai te, an damkhawchhuahna tur a nih phawt chuan ramriin a phuar ve loh mi engemawzat an awm chho zel dawn tihna a ni a. Mizoram hi chu’ng raltlante avanga tuar nasa thei ber te zinga mi chu kan ni. Sorkar leh Kohhran pawh he’ng lo hmachhawn a, beih let a tul pawha bei let tura tun aṭanga inbuatsaih chhoh a ṭul viau.

Sik leh sa danglam engtia hmachhawn tur nge?
Tuihna humhalh kan tlangaupui a, ram pum huapa hma kan lak mêk lai hian tuihna tibuai thei thlai leh thing chawk luh kan la tum fo mai hi ngaihtuah ngun a ngai khawp mai. Chutiang bawkin Pathianin he rama a dahsa thing leh mau, thlai leh nungchate duhkhawp lova ramdanga mi, exotic species an tih mai, kan lakluh fo hian kan rama awmsa, thil nung leh nunglo te inlaichinna leh inkamkina a su buai thei a ni tih kan hriatchian a pawimawh hle bawk. Kil hrang hrang aṭanga uluk taka zirbingna neih a nih hnua an hmuhchhuah dan a zira bawhzui chauh ni ṭhin se la chuan sik leh sa danglam kan tawrh dan pawh hi a zia awm ngei ang.

Tunlaia sik leh danglam chak dan hi mithiam ṭhenkhatte chuan ‘abrupt climate change’ tiin an sawi deuh kher ṭhin. Hei vang hian khawvel sik leh sa danglam chak lutuk tuar dai a, ṭhan hnan (adapt) thei turin nungchate leh hnim leh thlai te hi an insiamrem ve hman lo a ni ber a, hemi dolet theihna kawng awlsam ber chu thilsiam tinreng te inkamkina siamṭhat (Ecosystem Restoration) a ni. Ecosystem Restoration pawimawh zia hi hriaiin UN chuan kum 2021 – 2030 hi ‘Decade on Ecosystem Restoration’-ah a puang hial a ni.

Ecosystem Restoration hian a tum ber chu thilsiam tinrengte inkamkina siamṭhat a ni a. Thingphun vak vak ringawt lam nilovin ngaw awmna ṭhina ngaw a lo awm theihna tura hmalak te, thlaler hmun chu a nih anga awmtir leh te, ngaw leh thlaler, tuipui leh tuifinriat, vur ram leh tlangram, phaizawl leh luia thilsiam chi hrang hrang – nunna nei leh neilo te inkamkia, inlaichinna leh inrintawnna tih nun thar leh a ni. Hemi tihlawhtling tur a kawng pawimawh hmasa ber chu tualṭo thing leh mau, thlai leh nungcha humhalh-a tihpun a ni a, hmundang aṭanga lakluh leh chi thar lakluh lam chu a hawi lem lo.

Tlangkawmna
Hmalatu an awm loh a, an kal dan ngairenga an kal chuan a nghawng tur chu nasa tak a ni lawi si. Hei vang hian mahni phak tawka, tlem lua awmlovin – heng harsatna lo thleng thei hmachhawn tura kan inbuatsaih sauh sauh a ngai a, Kohhran te pawhin a mite a zirtir a, a buatsaih ve zel a ngai a ni. Ei leh bar zawn dan kawng thianghlim leh hrisel (sustainable) zawk, hmasawnna ziktluak (sustainable development) nei thei tur a inzirtir leh ke pen a pawimawh zel dawn bawk, chutiang chu duh a, ram roreltute laka beisei tur pawhin Kohhran mite inzirtir a pawimawh hle bawk. Pathianin enkawl tura min pêk kan ram leilung leh a chhunga nungchate chunga kan mawhphurhna hlen tura nasa leh zuala kan inzirtir a pawimawh tak zet a ni. Leilung leh a chhunga thil awm zawng zawng te hi bul thuhmun, siamtu thuhmun – inmamawh tawn ṭheuh, dingchhuak tura kamtu mamawh ṭheuh kan ni; kan inkamkina hi pheha a awm lohna turin kan mawhphurna kan hlen a pawimawh tak zet a ni.

[Aizawl Theological College Annual Magazine 42-na, “Christianity and Crisis-ah” tihchuah a ni]

Oil Palm chin leh a nghawng

Zirbingna hmun hrang hranga Ecosystem leh a kaihhnawih zirbing thin – Dr. David C. Vanlalfakawma, Asst. Professor, Dept. of Forestry, MZU te, C. Zohmingsangi, Research Scholar, Dept. of Environmental Sciences, MZU te, Dr. Lallianpuii, Scientist C, Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun te leh Dr. Saipari Sailo, Scientist C, Zoological Survey of India, Jabalpur ten mahni zirbing lam ṭheuh aṭanga Oil Palm chungchanga an thlirna te hlawmkhawmin an rawn chhawp chhuak e.

Oil Palm hi Mizoramah hian kum 2000 – 01 chho khan Agriculture Department lama thawktu ten, India chhim lam aṭangin, enchhin turin an la lut a, kum 2004 – 05 aṭanga hma la ṭanin, kum 2005 – 06 aṭang khan vung taka kal chhohpui a ni a, India Hmarchhak state-te zinga Oil Palm chîng hmasa ber kan ni a, “The Mizoram Oil Palm (Regulation of Production and Processing) Act, 2004” hmangin dan mumal tak hmanga buaipui a ni.

National Edible Oil Mission-Oil Palm (NMEO-OP) scheme-in India rama Palm Oil thar chhuah tih pun tumin, tun aia lêt thum a tam, metric ton nuai 11 thar chhuak thei turin hma a la mêk a, chumi hlenchhuak tur chuan Oil Palm hi ram hectare nuai 10 a zaua phun belh a ngai dawn tihna a ni. He Scheme hmang hian Mizoramah pawh hmalak tumin inbuatsaih chhoh mêk a ni a, Central sorkar-in ₹11,040 Cr zet a thehchhuah tur aṭanga cheng engemawzat dawn hi keini ang State pachhe deuh tan chuan a itawm dawn ngar ngar teh e.

Kan duh hluaia kan bawh huk, kan duh leh takloh, kan hnawl mêk tharthawh leh tumna hian ngaihdan hrang hrang a cho chhuak a, a duh pawl leh duh lo pawl, a do pawl leh a fakmawi pawl an zi nuk mai. Tun ṭumah hian zirbingna hmun hrang hranga Ecosystem leh a kaihhnawih zirbing a, thlir dan hrang hranga thlir thinten, mahni zirbing lam ṭheuh aṭanga thlirna te hlawmkhawmin kan rawn thawh ve thung dawn a ni.

Serchhip rama Oil Palm hmun a ṭhen an kar a, a ṭhen an hal a, a ṭhen a la ding! 13.01.2021

Oil Palm leh leiṭhatna

Lei a ṭhat leh ṭhat loh tehkhawng ber chu Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) an tih te leh soil nutrients (thlaite mamawh chaw ṭha leia awm) te hi a ni a. Oil Palm hmun hi a kum a pun ang zelin heng, leilunga leiṭha kan tih hrang hrang (SOC & Soil nutrients) te hi nasa takin a tlahniam zel a ni tih hi khawvel ram hrang hranga Scientist ten an hmuhchhuah tawh a ni a; India ram leh Mizoram chhung ngeia zirna-ah pawh hetiang tho hi hmuhchhuah a ni. Thlai mal-chin dang – Kuhva leh ṭhelret te nena khaikhin pawhin Oil Palm hmuna leiṭha tlakhniam dan hi a nasa bik hle bawk.

Oil Palm hi leiṭha leh tui heh tak mai, “Heavy Feeder” a ni a. Kum 25 an nih chhoh chinah phei chuan ṭhelret, kuhva leh thlai kumhlun dang te aiin leiṭha an mamawhna a sang zual bik êm êm a. Kum 20 – 30 dang a vei leh meuh chuan Oil Palm hmuna leilung chu thlai dang chin leh nan pawh a tlak tawh mang loh khawpin a chhe dawn tihna a ni. Mizorama Oil Palm chingtu ṭhenkhatte pawhin hei hi an tawng chho ṭan mêk a ni.

Nitrogen fertilizer hman nasat lutuk avangin pH (thur leh al zawng tehna) a tlahniam a, lei hi a thur tur aiin a thur phah ṭhin. Hei vang hian leia chaw ṭha (nutrients) kan tih te hi a tlem phah ta ṭhin a, tin, thlaiin a mamawh lemloh leh ṭhalo zawk (toxic elements) an tih te hi a san phah ṭhin bawk. Tin, Chemical fertilizer te phei hi luiah luang lut lehin, tui chhunga oxygen level a tihniam a, lui lam sa te nasa takin a nghawng a, mihringin lui lam sa kan lo ei ve leh aṭangin, kan taksaah harsatna chi hrang hrang kan lo tuar let ve leh chhawng ṭhin. Cancer tuar nasa Mizote tan phei chuan uar loh tur chi tak a ni zawk awm e.

Oil Palm leh Tui hna

Oil Palm hi leiṭha leh tui heh tak a ni tih kan sawi tawh a, an chhut danin Oil Palm kung khat hian nikhatah tui litre 300 lai a mamawha ngaih a ni. He tehkhawng anga teh chuan Oil Palm hmun hectare 2-a zauin nikhata tui a mamawh hi tun dinhmuna Mizorama cheng mipakhatin kum khat chhunga tui a mamawh aiin a tam fé zawk tihna a ni.

Oil Palm chin uarna ram, Indonesia leh Malaysia-ah te chuan Oil Palm chin an uar chinah an tui hna a kang nasa tih an sawi uar hle. Khawvel ramdangah pawh Oil Palm chin tamna hmun a tuihna kang chungchang an zirchianna chhiar tur tam tak a awm bawk. Mizoram ngeiah pawh kan tawng chho mek niin a lang. Dampa leh Mamit chhehvela Oil Palm chin uarna bula awm te chuan, Oil Palm chin nasat a nih hnuah tui hna a kang nasat thu an sawi ve mêk bawk.

Oil Palm hmunah hian ruahtui luanglut aiin a luangral a tam zawk a, lei chhunga tui hna insiam tur (groundwater recharge) nasa takin a tlakhniam phah ta ṭhin a ni. Kan luitui te a kang mêk lai leh kan tuihna kang mêk te humhalh tura ram puma hma kan lak mup mup laia thlai tui heh tak mai, tuihna ti kang thei hial tur khawp, lo chin pun chiam hi a inchawbelo takzet a ni.

Oil Palm leh nunna nei chi hrang hrangte

Khawvel ram hrang hranga Oil Palm hmun ten ramsa leh nungchate chunga harsatna a siam dan leh pawi a khawih dan chi hrang hrang, scientist-te’n an zir chhuah, hmuh tur a tam khawp mai. Ram leilung mil bik leh awmna bik nei nungcha te phei chu a suat hneh hle a, Indonesia rama nungchate te hi a tuar nasa zual an ni. An rama ramsa awm bik – zawng chi khat Orangutan te, Sakei leh Samak te hi mang mai hlauhawmah an awm phah mêk a ni.

Khawvel hmun hrang hranga Oil Palm-in nungchate a nghawng pawi dan mithiam te zirna 9143 lai mai lak khawma en dik a ni a, heng zirna awm tawh 9143 zawng zawng te hian Oil Palm hmun hian ramsa leh nungcha hrang hrang, a te ber aṭanga a lian ber thlengin a nghawng nasain, a ti chimit nasa hle tih an tarlang a ni (Savilaakso et al. 2014).

India rama Wildlife Scientist ṭha ber pawl, Dr. T.R. Shankar Raman chuan Mizoramah ngei, Oil Palm hmunin nungchate chunga nghawng a neih dan hi a lo zirchiang tawh a. He a zirchiannaah hian Dampa ngawpui, Oil Palm leh Teak hmun, Lo (ringthar) leh Chul ram (kum 0 – 8 léng) te a khaikhin a. Heng hmun hrang hrang chhunga thingkung awm te, sava chi hrang hrang awm te, an bit dan leh an tam dan te uluk taka a zir chian hnuah, “Oil Palm hmunah thingkung a tlem ber a, teak hmunin a dawt a, lo leh ngawah te a tam ber thung. Loa thingkung bit zawng hi Oil Palm hmun aiin a sang a, ngawchhung a sang fal hle. Oil Palm hmunah mau a awm lo a, chulah erawh mau a tam thung. Sava chi hrang 107 (ramhnuai-sava 94, dai-sava 13) chhinchiahah Oil Palm hmunah an tlem ber a (10), teak hmunin a dawt (38); Ngaw hmawr (58) leh ngaw chhungrilah (70) te chuan ringthar (50) aiin a sava chi hrang awm zat a tam zawk thung. Loah leh ngawa ramhnuai sava tam dan a thuhmun a, Oil Palm hmun aiin 304%-in a sang a, Teak hmun aiin 87%-in a sang bawk. Thlai mal chin-bingna aiin Loah leh ngawah sava chi thuhmun a tam zawk a ni” tih an hmuchhuak a, kum 2016 khan khawvela Sava lam chanchin zirbingna chanchinbu ngaihhlut ber “Ornithological Applications-ah” tihchhuah a ni nghe nghe (Mandal & Shankar Raman, 2016).

Chul ramah thing leh mau a ṭhan chak avang te, mau hmunin ngai a awh leh hma avangtein lo neih hi Monocrop plantation (thlai kumhlun mal-chin) aiin sava humhalh nan a ṭha zawk a, nungcha dangte chungchangah pawh a nih dan tho a ni tih chiang takin a hriat theih bawk. Oil Palm hmunah hian Sanghal, Thehlei, Sakuh leh Sazaw te ramvak miten an chang ṭhin nia sawi a ni a. Heng ramsa chi li te hi an damkhawchhuahna tura engpawh ei thei a, khawikipa khawsa thei ‘Generalist species’ an tih te an ni tih erawh kan hriatchian a pawimawh.

Oil Palm hmun atana thehchhuah tur ramngaw kan ngah tawk em?

Forest Survey of India (FSI) report hnuhnung berin (2019) a tarlan danin Mizoram zau zawng aṭanga teha zaa 85.41 hi ramngaw a ni. Report hmasa zawk (2017) nen tehkhin chuan ramngaw 180.49 sq km lai kan hloh tihna a ni. Ramngawin a tuam chin (85.41%) hi tam hle angin a lang nain, kan hriat atana pawimawh chu ‘Satellite hmanga en’ a ni tih hi a ni. Satellite thlalak hian plantation hrang hrang leh ramngaw tak tak a thliar hrang lem lo a, Satellite aṭanga ramngaw tuamchin anga lang kha a hmunah chuan ngaw chhah a awm vek kherlo tihna a ni. Tin, kan ramngaw neih dan hi a fahrah puan hlai a; ngawdur hi ar hmai tiat lek a ni.

Oil Palm demonstration plot, Serchhip 03.03.2011

Mizoramah hian humhalh bik ram (Protected Area) 1,728.75 sq km a zau kan nei a. Hei hi kan ram zau zawng aṭanga tehin zaa 8.20 chauh a ni a. FSI report-a ngaw tuam chin anga a tarlan 77.21% zet chu humhalh bik hmunin a huamlo tihna a ni. A kum telin heng kan ngaw te hi an heu duai duai reng bawk a ni.

Thingphun runpui te neiin, khawii emaw lai laia thingphun te hi a ṭangkai khawp mai, mahse ramngaw puitling tawh te’n khuarel kalphunga an thawh tur ang tak (ecological role) kha a hen zo tak tak chuang lo. A awmsa humhalh hi a pawimawh ber mai, ram ruak leh rambuaah te, a remchan dan ang phunbelh zel pawh a uar zel bawk ila.

Lo neih/ Mizo lo neih nge ṭha thlai/thing mal chin bingna kalpui?

Mizoram sorkar chuan kan lo neih danin kan ram leilung, ramngaw leh nungchate a tih chhiat nasat êm avang leh chu chuan khuarel chhiatna leh harsatna hrang hrang mihringteah a thlen ṭhin hi ṭhaloa a hriat avangin a aiah thlai/thing kumhlun mal-chin-bing hi policy hrang hrang (Jhum Control, NLUP, MIP etc) hmangin a kalpuia. Amaherawhchu a hmalama kan tarlan tawh angin, heng thlai mal-chin-bingna nena buk chuan Mizo lo neih dan phung pangngai hi a thlanawm zawk daih lawi si a ni. Inkaihhruaina mumal leh leilung tana pawilo thei ang ber tur ruahman te, lo neih tihmasawn tur zawnga leilung enkawl dan duan chhuah te, vahchap sawngbawl dan ṭha zawk leh kan tualṭo thlai ngaihhluta uar te hian kan lo neihin a nghawng ṭhalo hi a ti tlem leh zual dawn a ni.

Nghalchawm rama Oil Palm hmun 07.05.2020

Oil Palm hmun atana ramngaw kan ṭhiah hian a chhehvel khawtlang ram neihna chanvo tam tak a ti danglama, he’ng miten ngaw aṭanga an eitur leh ṭuldang, danin a phal china an hman ṭangkai ṭhin kha an chan nghal vek bawk a ni. Lo neih hi kan pi leh puten an lo tih ṭhin dan, kan hnam nun zia nena inzawm tlat a ni a. Kan hun pawimawh neih te, kan thla bi thliah hming te, kan kut te leh khawtlang nun hi kan lo neih dan nen a inzawm tlat a ni, Zopa pumchuak thiamna (traditional knowledge) hlu êm êm ṭhahnemtak a ken tel bawk avangin um bo ai chuan tun aia ṭha lehzual leh hlawk lehzuala lo kan neih theih dan ngaihtuah te, kan tualṭo thlaite hlawk lehzuala thar dan tur zir chian te, leilung hausaknain rei tak, kan tu chhuan leh chhuan leh chhawng te thlenga, a daih theih nana hma lak a ṭul tawh hle a ni.

Khaikhawmna

Oil Palm chingtute hian hlawkna an chhar tak tak em? tih hi ngaihtuah tham tak a ni a. Oil Palm hmun din tirh leh a ṭiak enkawlna tur an dawn piah lam kha an tharchhuah hralhna aṭangin hlawkna an chang tak tak em? tih hi chhut fe tham a ni. Sum leh pai tam tak leichhuak anga tarlan a ni fo a, Oil Palm hmun neitu chhungkaw zat nena chawhrual chuan hlawkna tak tak an char chuang lo niin a lang. Tin, Oil Palm chingtu mi tam takin an Oil Palm hmun an suat leh tak duak avang hian hlawkna a tira sawihmuh an nih ang kha an chang lo a, an bei a dawng a ni tih a hriat theih bawk. Chutih rual chuan Oil Palm hralhna aṭanga sum la lut an awm tih erawh phat rual a ni lo; a chingtu an tam ang aiin a hlawkna teltu an tlem riau si hi rilru kaptu chu a ni.

Oil Palm rah leh a thartu. Image Courtesy – Bika Renthlei

Oil Palm hmun atan kan ram rohlu – kan ramngaw leh nungcha te hi kan ser ral mai ang tih a hlauhawm takzet a ni. Mizoram hi sik leh sa inthlak chak lutuk (Climate Change) tuar nasa ber tur zinga an sawi kan nih mêk laia kan ram sik leh sa min vawn saktu – kan ramngaw leh nungchate dinhmun tiderthawng thei zawnga hmathar lak chiam mai hi mahni lulakna a nih loh pawhin a teuh viauin a rinawm! Intodelhna tura kan hmathlir hian sum leh pai hlawkna chauh nilvoin hlawkna tluantling zawk, khuarel chhiatna nasa tak thleng thei laka kan himna tur te, dinhmun hniam ber aṭanga sang ber thlenga kan inṭawm – kan sik leh sa, kan tui tlan leh kan boruak hip te tibawrhbang lo zawnga hmalakna te hi huam tel sela a duhawm takzet a ni.

Oil Palm-in ram leilung bakah nungcha chi hrang hrangte tana harsatna a thlen nasat zia leh, a chhehvela cheng mihringte tan pawh kawng hrang hranga harsatna a thlen dan hrechiang êm êm chunga sum leh pai tawktarha hetianga barhluih kan ni chho leh ta hian ngaihtuahna a ti thui a, kan ram min tihchhiat sak veka, kan hnam leh sakhua min chimih ṭhak mai hi pawi an ti lo em ni le? tia ngaihtuah theih tak a ni.

[Vanglaini (Mizo Daily) September 13, 2021-ah tihchhuah a ni]

Ziaktute:
Dr. David C. Vanlalfakawma, Asst. Professor, Dept. of Forestry, MZU
C. Zohmingsangi, Research Scholar, Dept. of Environmental Sciences, MZU
Dr. Lallianpuii, Scientist C, Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun
Dr. Saipari Sailo, Scientist C, Zoological Survey of India, Jabalpur

Rawmi

Mizorama tualṭo mau leh rua kan neih zingah Rawmi (Botanical name – Dendrocalamus sikkimensis) hi a lian ber a, a ṭhat duhna hmunah chuan ‘ui pum tia tia a ni thei e,’ an ti ṭhin; a tlang tehkuala 1ft hi chu a vantlang pawl a ni. Awm duhna hmun bik nei, Zo bawm (1000 – 1800m msl) a nih avangin mau leh raw dang ang chuan Mizoramah hian a ṭona hmun a tam lo a, Zo nazawngah a ṭo hek lo. Hei vang hi ni maw, raw dang ang chuan kan hmang nasa lo deuh. Mizoram bakah India hmarchhak state dang – Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Nagaland leh Sikkim-ah te a tualṭo a, tin, China leh Bhutan-ah te pawh a tualṭo bawk.

Raw lian tak (a lai hawlhtlanga 12 – 18cm), sang thei tak (17 – 22m), hung nei chi, chang dam zet mai a ni a, a pum a chhah lutuk loh avangin a deh a nuam viau bawk. Chutih rual erawh chuan a duap avangin engtiang taka tlo nge ni ang? Tih erawh ngaihtuah ngun deuh a ngai awm e. Tin, hmanraw dang hmanga sawngbawla tih tlo deuh pawh a ngai ngeiin a rinawm. Sikkim rama Bawṭe ho leh Lepcha ho chuan ‘Chungas’ siam nan an hmang uar hle a, chu chu tui leh bawnghnute bur atan an hmang ṭhin a, ran chaw atan an hmang ṭhin bawk. A hnah hi erawh bawng tan túr niin an sawi thung (Tewari, 1992). Kerala-ah kum 1992 khan lakluh a nia, anni chuan pal atan te, tui dawt atan te an hmang a (Jijeesh et al., 2012), tin, lehkhapuan siamna atana hmantlak a nih thu finfiah a ni tawh bawk (Holstrom, 1993). Mizote pawhin hmanlai chuan tui um atan an hmang nasa ṭhin a, thirdeng pûm atan te, dâp atan te pawh an hmang ṭhin bawk.

Rawmi tâm

Mau leh rua hian tâm dan hlun deuh bik chi hnih an nei a chung te chu tampui (gregarious) leh tam-kahpah (sporadic) a ni a, mau chi ṭhenkhat chu kum tina tam (annual) te pawh a awm ve bawk. ‘Chumi chi chu chutiang chuan a tâm’ tih ngawt hleihtheih a ni lo a, sik leh sa inher danin a nghawng dan leh a chi bul (seed source)-in kawngro a su viau niin a lang. Rawmi hi India rama a tâm an hriat theih hla ber chu kum 1885-a Sikim-a a tâm kha a ni a, Kalimpong chhehvelah kum 1916 chho khan tampui a thleng leh a, tin, Darjeeling chhehvelah kum 1991 khan tampui a thleng leh bawk (Sahoo, 1991).

Rawmi rah, Rengngo tlang, Dampa Tiger Reserve chhung, kum 2011 a mi (Inset: Rawmi chi fangkhat)

Mizoramah hian 1977 – 1979 chhung khan Sangau chhehvelah a kahpahin a tam a (Mohan Ram and Gopal, 1981), kum 2003 khan Serkhan chhehvelah a kahpahin a tam bawk a, tunhnaiah pawh a kahpah thoin hmun hrang hrangah a tam leh bawk a. Kum 2011 khan Rengngo tlang, Dampa Tiger Reserve chhungah a tâm a, a chi hi EF&CC leh a chi ka pêk mi ṭhenkhat te pawhin an kui ṭiak nual nghe nghe. Hemi hnu pawh hian khawi khawi emawah a tam pheuh pheuh a, nikum, 2020 khan Leitan, Mission Vengthlang, Keifang, Buhban leh Chalfilh tlang chheh vêlah a tâm bawk. Buhban leh Chalfilh a mi tihloh hi chu phun chawp vek a ni thung. A theih ang ang chu a hmuna tlawhin sample kan la a, amaherawhchu Covid avanga inkhuahkhirhna hrang hrang avangin duh angin kan bawhzuiin kan zirchiang hlei thei ta lo a, a uiawm tak zet a ni. Tin, heng chhinchhiah bakah pawh hian mautam rual leh a hnu deuhah khan hmun ṭhenkhatah a tâm thu sawi an awm bawk.

Saithah Forest Complex-ah Rawmi chi an kui ṭiak, 2011.

Rawmi plantation – a beiseiawm em?

Sawi tawh angin Rawmi hi Zo-bawm rua a ni a, tin, ngaw kara ṭo chi, ngaw thing-in a khai a ngai ṭhin. Chutianga rinchhan tur a thatna hmunah, boruak leh lei hnawng ṭhatna hmunah chuan pum lian pui pui a ni thei a, amaherawhchu rinchhan tur ṭha a awmlohnaah chuan a ṭhan a ṭhu deuh ṭhin niin a lang. Tin, rua rau rauah chuan inthlahpung chaklo pawl tak, tuai chhuah tlem pawl tak a ni bawk.

Rawmi tuai, Dr. C. Biakmawia kawmthlang, Leitan a mi, 2012

Chuvang chuan Rawmi plantation hi engtiang chiaha kalpui nge an tum tih hi zawhna awm thei tak a ni. Mau leh raw dang anga ramngaw vah fai vek a, hal hnua a ṭiak phun tawp hian a nun chu a nung maithei, mahse khaitu tur thing awm lo, lei hnawng vawnghimtu thingkung leh hnimdang awmlohnaah, ni sain a em tlawk tlawkna hmunah an beisei anga lian an thar thei angem? Tih ngaihtuahnaah a awm. Ngaw karah a ṭiak hi phun ta pheuh pheuh se hlawk tham tharchhuah a har viau si angem? Tin, ngaw kara phun ngawt hi Revised National Bamboo Mission (NBM) hmathlir nen chuan a inpersan viau bawk si.

Rawmi hung, a tâm hnu, Mission Vengthlang, 2020

Tin, buan a hmaa kherh kan ni em lovang chu maw, eng atana hmanah nge an hisap? tih hi zawhna lian tak a ni bawk. Ram danga an hman dan te thlir chuan rua ho zingah pawha hman lar loh pawl tak a ni a, a ṭhat bik riauna an hre fuh te pawh a lo ni reng thei tho bawk e. Engpawh nise bamboo composite atan chuan a hman tlak ngei ang tih erawh a rinawm. A van avang leh a len avang ringawta bawh huam huam chi a ni angem?

Rawmi hi ngaw karah, rinchhan tur thing a awmnaah chuan a lian thei bik hle. Rengngo Tlang, Dampa Tiger Reserve, 2011.

Rawmi hi NBM Guidelines-in chin tur a thlan zingah a tello a. Amaherawhchu he guidelines hian tualṭo mau, a chingtu tur te duhthlan leh Industry lama hman ṭangkai theih te chu chin a remti thung. Mau-raw plantation siam tur hi sorkarin a thlang fel tawh a, chu’ng mite chuan Rawmi hi an lo thlang a nih chuan sawisel tur a awm lovang. Tin, Industry lamin Rawmi hi an lo mamawh viau avang emaw Industry lamin a ṭhatna an hre viau a, an lo duh ru viau tawh emaw a nih tal pawhin sawisel theih a ni lovang. Chutiang chu a nih loh hlauh erawh chuan NBM kaltlanga ṭanpuina kan beisei hi kan dawng theilo ang tih te pawh a hlauhawm thei viau mai.

Rawmi tâmna hung kiangah Sanghal inbualna, Rengngo Tlang, Dampa Tiger Reserve, 2011

Tlangkawmna

Nikum khan Covid inkhuahkhirhna vanglai tak maiin Dendrocalamus brandisii leh D. latiflorus ṭiak supply tur zawnna tender tihchhuah a ni a, kuminah Covid avang bawka inkhuahirhna kalpui a nih lai taka Rawmi ṭiak supply tur zawnna tihchhuah a ni leh hi ngaih kawih a awl khawp mai. A hnathawktu te hnena, Sawrkarin, vehbur a khawn zawh hlima sum tam tak sênna tur tender tihchhuah hi a bawplawka lo la duh an awm a nih pawhin a mawh love. Tin, nikumah hmun ṭhenkhatah a kahpahin a tam a, a tira Sorkar Policy-a tel sa miah lo, tualṭo mah nise, kumina an han duh thar ta thut hian ngaihtuahna a ti kal thui viau bawk. Nikuma hmun ṭhenkhata tâm kha a chi lain tuin emaw, sorkara tlatlum takin, a lo kui ṭiak bik khiau em ni ang? tia ngaihtuah loh a har viau bawk.

Engpawh nise sorkarin kan rama tualṭo ngei tihpun duhna thinlung a pu ve ta hi erawh a lawmawm tak zet a, hmasawnna ropui tak niin a lang. Engtianga tih puitlin tur chi nge ni a, eng ‘ecosystem‘ nge a mamawh tih te, a hmanna tur leh a hralhna tur chenin thui tak an thlir lawkin ruahmanna an siam lawk ngei beisei ang.

Thu laknate:

Holstrom, J. 1993. Utilization of bamboos in the Sikkim Himalayas. BIC-India Bullettin 3(1):22 – 24.

Jijeesh, C.M., Seethalakshmi, K.K. and Raveendran, V.P. 2012. Flowering, reproductive biology and post flowering behaviour of Dendrocalamus sikkimensis Gamble, in Kerala, India. The Journal of the American Bamboo Society 25(1): 36-42

Mohan Ram, H.Y. and Gopal, B.H. 1981. Some observation on the flowering of bamboos in Mizoram. Curr. Sci. 50:708 – 710.

Sahoo, A.K. 1991. Flowering of Bamboos in the foothills of Darjeeling Himalaya. Indian Forester, 117:84

Tewari, D.N. 1992. A monograph on bamboo. IBD, Dehradun

[Vanglaini XXXVI, May 14,2021-ah tihchhuah a ni]

Ramngaw tuaithar – damna leh hmuingilna kailawn

Vawiin hi International Day of Forest a ni a, kumina thupui chu “Forest restoration: a path to recovery and well-being” a ni. Kumina thupuiin a tum ber chu damna leh hmuingilna nei thei tura ramngaw tuaithar pawimawhzia inzirtir a ni. Ramngaw ṭangkai zia leh pawimawh zia kan hre ṭheuh a, a humhalh tur pawhin mahni phak tawkin ke kan pen tlang ṭheuh mai. A pawng a puia ramngaw tih chereu tum hi chu kan awm tawh mang awm love.

Ramngaw a chereu a siamṭha leh tura thing kan phun hi reforestation an ti a, ramngaw awmlohna leh ramngaw siambelh duh vanga thing phun leh ramngaw leh a chhehvela thing phun belh te hi afforestation a ni thung. Ramngaw tuaithar (Forest restoration) hian a huam zau hle mai a, ramngaw humhalh te, rambua tih ngaw leh te, ramngaw siam belh te pawh a huam a, Mizotena kan buaipui, tuihna humhalh te chenin a huam a. Thing ringawt nilovin, leilung vawnhim te thleng pawhin a huam a, ngaw chhunga thilnung chitin leh thilnunglo te humhalh a, an inrintawnna (interaction) vawnhima siamṭhat te thlengin a huam a ni.

Khawvel ram hrang hranga ramngaw chereu nachhan lian tak chu mihring ten ei bar kan zawnna kawngah leh kan khawsakna tur buatsaih kawnga ngaw kan ṭhiah nasat vang a ni a. Heng bakah hian hnim leh thlai tualṭo nilo lakluh nasat avang te, leilung hausakna laih chhuah nasat avangte leh khuarel kalphung tibuaitu thil chi hrang hrang te vang a ni bawk. Mizoramah pawh leilung kan hman dan avangin nasa takin kan ramngaw a chereu a. Mipui nawlpui leh Sorkar lam thleng pawh a kan puhmawh ber chu kan lo neih dan phung hi a ni a, tualṭo nilo thing leh thlai kumhlun kan lakluh nasat te, kawngpui laih avanga ramngaw ṭhiah leh an leivung paihin hnim leh thlai a chhilh nasat dan te erawh kan ngaihtuah thleng meuh lo a, kan ramngaw chereu chhanah kan ngai meuhlo bawk.

Thlawhhma ṭha nei tur chuan a ram a tui a, a chan a ngai a, ram léng reilo lutuk hmunah thlai a thar ṭha theilo tih hrechiangtu te kan ni. Mizo lo neih dan phungah thar hlawk a, thar ṭha tur chuan rampui/ramchang vah a ngai ṭhin. Rampui nei thei tur chuan hun eng emaw chen lentir a ngai a, thing leh mau-ruaa a khah a, leilung a lo insiam ṭhat leh a ngai ṭhin. Thing leh mau-raw hnah leh ṭang tla ṭawih ralin a siam leiṭha lo inchhekkhawm a tam chinah ram a lo tui leh ṭhin; chutianga ram ti tui khawp leiṭha insiam tur chuan hun a mamawh tam a, kangmei leh thildangin a tihbuai lohna tura hma lo lak te, phun belh ngai leh thenfai ngai lo then te pawh a ngai ṭhin. Hei hi Forest restoration kalphung chu a ni.

Lo neihna avanga ram lo bua te, kawng laih vanga ramngaw chereu ta te, leimin leh tuilian avanga ramngaw chereu te, leivung paihin a chhilh avanga ngaw hnuai hnimhnah chereu te, thing ṭhang tur a tihṭhuanawp te leh mihring khawsakna leh hmalakna hrang hrang avanga ramngaw chereu mêk te tih tui leh a, ramngaw tuaithar a, rampuia siam leh hi tuihna humhalhna ṭha ber a ni a, boruak thianghlim, bura khung theih nise to deuha hralh theih tur siamchhuahna ṭha ber a ni bawk.

Vah bak kang fo hi a huatthlala ngawt mai. Lo neitu te hi ramngaw hlutzia hrechiangtu, rampui leh ramchangah zel thlawhhma lak a awl a, a thar hlawk zawk zia hrechiangtu te an ni a, chuvang chuan vah bak tih kan te, ngaw ṭhiah mai mai te, thing zai ngawt te hi an duhloin an haw êm êm zawk a, lo an hal nikhua pawhin fimkhur takin an hal a, uluk takin meilam an sial ṭhin a, mei an chhuah meuhlo. Lo neia eizawng nilo ram leh daia chetla ṭhin te, sapel ṭhin te leh intawllen tura ram kal ṭhinte hi hemi kawngah hian an rinhlelhawm viau ṭhin.

Ramngaw tuaithar leh tura mahni phak tawka ṭan kan lak a ṭul hle. Sorkar kutah emaw, khawtlang kutah emaw dah mai lova Sorkar leh khawtlang an ṭanho a, an thawhho tlat a ngai a. Vantlang tana thlawhhma neihna tur nek chêp vek khawpa mimal ram nei zau te hi chhuhsak ṭhen nisela, khawtlang kutah lut leh sela. Pata tura ngaw ṭhiah kher ngai te hi tihtawp a, a aia tehkhawng ‘eco-friendly‘ zawk duanchhuah ni bawk sela. Ramngaw, fahrah puan hlai ringawt nilo, ngaw dûr nei zau lehzual turin hma la bawk ila. Rambua siamṭhat kawngah ṭhahnemngai ila, kan rama thing leh mau, hnim leh thlai te ṭangkai zawka hmang thei turin hma la ila. A nghawng theih ngaihtuah miahlo a sum leh paia a hlawk dawn anga a lan avang ngawta ramdang thing leh thlai lakluh sim ila, ram hi léng rei bawk sela. Tichuan kan ram hi a lo tui leh ang a, kan ram ngawte kan tuaithar leh ang a, damna leh hmuingilna kawng kan zawh tihna a lo ni ang.

Bamboo Now

Vawiin, September 18 hi World Bamboo Day a ni a, kumdang ang chu nise khawvel ram hrang hrangah, he ni denchhen hian, Mau-rua awmna leh awmlohnaah pawh eng eng emaw an huaihawt leh ngei ang.
Mizorama Bamboo Day liantham taka kan hman hnuhnun ber kha 2018 kha a ni a, khami denchhen khan a lawmna chi hrang hrang – technical session te, mau-rua hmanga thil siamchhuak ten an kutchhuak hmangin exhibition an nei a…fashion show emawni kha a lar ta ber lawi a, chanchinthar lamah pawh hmun a chang tam ta ber zawk awm e.

Kumina World Bamboo Day thupui chu ‘Bamboo now‘ tih a ni a, Mau-rua hmanga ei leh bara intodelh te, khawvel boruak chhe zel siam ṭhat te hi an thu ken laipui ber a ni. A bik takin ram rethei (developing countries) leh khawpui pawna awm (rural communities) te tan phei chuan intodelhna hnar, eizawnna tling a nih theih dan te, khawvel boruak chhe mêk tiziaawm tura mau leh raw ṭangkaina lam te hi mithiamte rilru sen nasatna a ni ta.

Mizoram hian mau lam chi kan ngah hle mai a, kan mau neih tam zawk erawh a nawlpui chuan kan hmang ṭangkai chiam lo a, mautak, rawnal, rawṭhing leh phulrua te hi kan hmang uarin kan hmang nasa hle a; Mizorama mau leh raw lam chia a tam ber pawh an ni bawk. Kut themthiam deuh te chuan rawngal te, sairil te pawh ṭangkai takin an hmang thung lawi a.

Mau hmanna hi a tam a, kan hman duh dan a zirin mau chi hrang hman tlak lehzual deuh bik te pawh a awm awm e. China ho chuan an mau chhuanvawr, Moso hmanna tur hrang hrang an duang a, chumi mil chuan Moso sawngbawlna tur khawl an siam mai bawk a. Keini erawhin hachhek leh chempui piahlam chu kan la siamchhuak hleitheilo a, themthiam leh remhre zual ṭhenkhat ten Bamboo vinegar ur chhuahna khawl te, mau-meihawl rawhna te, mau phelsinna te an duangchhuak ve mêk bawk a.

Mau hman ṭangkaina hria tam zawk chuan khawvel ramdanga mau an hman ṭangkai dan a bikin, furniture siamnana hman an sawi mawi a, chuvang chuan Mizorama mau kan neihsa te hi laktlakloh niin an hria a. Mi ṭhenkhat thung chuan Bamboo composite board (Mau – thingzai leh board/matply) siam te an sawi mawi a, matply industry kan nei reng a, Mizorama mau leh raw tualṭo hmangin Bamboo matply an siamchhuak reng tawh zawk tih an hre lo ni maw, ramdang mau hmang chauha siam theih niawm thawthanga sawiin Mizorama mau leh rua te hi tihtlakloh chhuahin an chhuah ve bawk a.

Mizote hian chemfawng atan raw zung/bul (rhizome) kan hmang nasa hle

Mizorama mau tualṭo chi hrang 20 chuang kan neihte zingah mautak hi a tam lawt laka, he mautak hi lehkhapuan ṭha chi siamna atana hmanraw ṭha bik a nih zia kan sawi tel hram teh ang. Lehkhapuan siamchhuahna tura chakkhai ṭha ber te zinga mi kan ngah teh lul nen a lam kan la hawi hleitheilo a. Hetilam sawi thawm a rik apiangin a hre ril deuh ten Panchgram-a paper mill (Cachar Paper mill) an tlakchhiat thu an lo sawi ve var zel bawk a. Anni an tlakchhiat avanga keini kan lo tim ve ringawt lai hi hriatthiam a har viau. Eirukna a nasat vanga tlachhia niten an sawi…eiru ve nghal turah an Mizo puite min ngai a nih loh vek pawhin eiruk ve an tum a nianga tih ngaihtuah mai a awl viau.

Bamboo Activated Charcoal powder Mizopa siam

Mizorama mau te ṭangkai lehzuala kan hman a, ei leh bara intodelh theihnana hmang tur chuan tun aia nasa zawka kan zirchian a ṭul. A vawnṭhat dan ṭha zawk leh man man zawk te, a tuai khawrh dan mumal leh sawngbawl dan ṭha zawk te, a tisa chhung ril awm dan leh nihphung te chena zirchian a ngai awm e. Heng hriatna hmang te hian eng atan nge hmang ila ṭha ber ang a, eng atana hmanin nge ramin a hlawkpui ber ang? tih te pawh a chhut chhuah theih awm e.

Ei leh bara Mizoram kan intodelh theihna tura kan vawkpa sut nghak, Pathianin kan rama a dah sa kan mau leh rua te hi kan ser ve a hun ta e. Bamboo Now!

Mau leh raw kaihhnawih article dang chiar duh tan:
http://bambusapiens.com/raw-chi-tha-bihchianna/
http://bambusapiens.com/mau-mawlsawmna/

WHY EXOTIC?

“Mizoṭawng chanchinbua Mizoṭawnga thuziak ve si ṭawng danga thupui dah kher, Mizoṭawng a hman theih lo em ni…?” tih thinlung I pu maithei. Ni, Mizorama thing leh thlai, mau leh rua te hi khawvel huap pawha zahpuiawmloh an ni chunga ramdang thing leh thlai, mau leh rua ten ngaihsan leh ngaihhlut an hlawh zel a, thlan an nih zawk zel dan hi han ngaihtuah ve mah teh? He Article thupui-a sapṭawng hi i ngaimawh chuan Mizoram dinchhuahna tur nia an sawi, ramdang thilte hi i ngaimawh ve tho dawn lo’m ni?

Mizoram hi thlai engkim ṭhat duhna niin mi tam takin an sawi ṭhin a, a dik thui viau maithei, ṭha duh hauh lo pawh a awm ve ngei tho awm e. Ei leh bara kan intodelh theih dan tur hi kan sorkar hotute ngaihtuah ber leh vei ber a ni a, mipuite pawhin chumi tithlawhtling tura an hmathlir a zirin kan thlang tling ṭhin ni pawhin a lang bawk. Hmalakna tur hrang hrang kan duan zingah hian kan rama awmsa hman ṭangkai lam ai chuan hmundanga mi chaw lut tur zawnga hmathlir hi a tam ber zel niin a lang bawk, a bikin thlai leh ran vulh/khawi chi hoah hian a hluar zual. Heng hi a ṭha ber em? Kan hlawhtlin pui reng em? tih hian chhuizui leh ngaihven zui a hlawh lem lo viau bawk niin a lang.

Exotic chu eng nge?
Exotic tih hi ecology ṭawngkamah chuan mikhual sawina a ni a; tualṭo ni lo, hmun danga mi lak luh sawina a ni. Tualṭo ni lo, ramdang a mi lak luh hian a awmna tharah nghawng chi hrang hrang a neih theih avangin biodiversity leh ecology lama zirmite chuan an duh lo hle. Nghawng a neih dan erawh a inchen vek lo a, enkawl zawh loh khawp hial a nghawng nei thei te, nghawng na lutuk lem lo te pawh a awm bawk.

Mizoramah hian intodelhna tur project lian tham a awm apianga langsar nghal êm êm zel chu ramdang a mi – thlai, thing leh thei chi lak luh hi a ni a. Khawii ramah emaw an hlawhtlinpui zia thu leh a man a to zia te, miin an duh zia te, a ṭhat duh zia te hi nasa takin an tlangaupui ṭhin a, ei leh bara kan intodelh theihna tur kawng awlsam ber niin kan ngai tlangpui zel bawk. Kawng awlsam hi kan zawng lutuk zawk a ni mai angem? Hybrid species emaw tissue culture hmanga siam an nih vang emaw hian kan ngaisang viau zel a, Mizorama tualṭo te ai hian kan dah sanga, hlawhtlin pui theih zawkah kan ngai niin a lang. Chumi piah lamah chuan a chi leh a ṭiak supply te pawh hi a hlawk viau maithei bawk!

Exotic species tena Mizoram Agro-ecosystem a nghawng theih dan te hi chu kan hotute hian an ngaihtuah thleng vek turah ngai ila. Tin, thlai chi kan lakluh te hi Mizoram sik leh sa, leilung mil tura duan a ni em? tih te pawh an ngaihtuah tel vek turah ngai bawk ang. Ram danga a ṭhat duh avangin kan ramah a ṭha duh ve kher angem? tih te pawh an enchhin hmasa vek turah ngai ila. International market-a a man te pawh an chhut hmasain an zir chiang vek bawk-ah ngai ila, chumi market-a pho chhuah theih dan tur te nen lam an ngaihtuah vek turah ngai ang.

Exotic species leh a mikhualna ram
Exotic species te hian an awmna thar hi an ngeih vek kher lo a, an ṭha tak tak vek kherlo a, a ṭhan a muanga, rah seng tur mumal a awm lo fo. Hetiang hi a tuartu ber chu a enkawltu, huan neitute an ni ṭhin. A hralhna kawng a bo êm avanga mipui te tawrhna leh beidawnna thlentu tam zawk pawh hi exotic species te bawk hi a ni. Hralhna awmsa tura ngaih tam tak hi kan chin pun veleh hian beisei aiin a hralhna lam hi a kawngbo leh riau ṭhin niin a lang. Kan zirchiang tawk lo nge ni anga, kan chin pun chhungin an lo duh leh lo thut?

Ṭhenkhat ve thung erawh chuan an ngeih leh lutuka, hnim leh thlai tualṭo, sa leh sangha awm sa te pawh tibuai vek khawpin an pung chak thung. Chutiang chu Mizoramah pawh hmuh tur a awm nual mai – Japan hlo, Shillong Tlangsam (Lantana camara – Shillong par, Par arsi, Lalmawia hling par ti tein an sawi bawk) leh Bihar hlo/Hlo thar (Ageratina spp) te hi a hnawksak langsar zual a ni awm e. Palak dila sangha awm sa te aia tha zawka an ngaih avanga sangha chi khat, khawvel pawhin top 100 invasive alien-species a a puan hial, Tilapia avangin sangha chi awmsa te a mang ti tih ta der mai. Kan Mizo pangpar, Mizo chanchin leh thawnthu a hmun pawimawh tak luahtu te chu hmuh tur a vang tawh hle.

Pathian thil siam dan hi a ropuiin a mak a, a ruahmanna hi a felfai khawp mai. Thil nung chitin tan ramri a kham, an awmna tur chin te, an awm lohna tur chin te fel takin a duang a, mihring te hian chu ramri chu kan zah thiam a pawimawh tak zet a ni. Sik leh sa, leilung awm dan te hi Pathianin thilnung te tana ramri a kham chu a ni a. Leilung, sik leh sa leh thlai ṭo te hi a inkungkaih tlata, thing leh thlai ṭo a zirin nungcha chi hrang hrang a awm ve leh ṭhin. Mizo upa te chuan lo atan pawh rampui chang ṭha an duh deuh kher ṭhin a, a lei a that vang a ni. Lei a ṭhatna chhan kha thing hnah leh ṭang leh a zar tla, tawih ralin leiṭha a siam vang a ni a, chu chu ecology ṭawngkamah chuan nutrient cycle an ti a, he cycle hmang hian thlai hian an awmna hmun a colonized ṭhin. Chu hmanrua tho chu exotic species kan tih te pawh hian rawn hmang vein thlai leh thing awmsa te a dip ral mai ṭhin. Chu chuan leiṭha siamtu soil microbe te, ramsa leh nungcha dang thlengin a nghawng ṭhin.

Mizorama Exotic Species lar zualte
Tun ṭumah chuan ramdang thing leh thlai, rua leh mau tam tak zingah thingchang thlai, thlai kumhlun leh rua leh mau, Sorkar Policy hrang hrangte avanga kan chawkluhte kan thlur bik ang.

Eucalyptus:
Ecucalyptus spp. hi Mizo chuan “Nawhalh thing” tiin kan sawi mai ṭhin a. India rama Commercial Agroforestry plantation-ah chuan an hlawhtlin pui ber pakhat a ni. Amaerawhchu tuihna (Water table) a tihbuai nasat avangin state tam zawkah chuan an ma leh thuai a, hmun tlemteah chauh chin chhunzawm a ni. Mizoramah pawh 1976 – 77 hnu lam khan uar taka chin a ni a, amaherawhchu hlawhtling taka enkawl erawh a tam lo niin a lang. Kung lianpui pui erawh khawi khawiah emaw hmuh tur a la awm nual.

Teak:
Tunhma chuan Teak (Tectona grandis) hi Forest Department plantation-ah chin a ni ber ṭhin a, mimal huanah chuan phun a ni meuh lo. Kum 1985 – 87 chho aṭangin Sorkar policy (Land Use Policy) avangin mimal tan pawh Teak huan neih a lo theih ta a, Mizorama plantation lian leh tam ber hi Teak plantation a lo ni ta a ni. Mizo pa ti ti-ah chuan Teak huanah ramsa an tla duh lo, a kungah eng sava mah an fu duhlo tih a ni ṭhin. Hei hi a chhan ber nia lang chu Teak rah leh hnah te hi nungchate tana chhenfakawm a awm loh vang a ni. Tin, Teak hian bawmtu hrik chi hnih a nei nain chung hrik (Defoliator leh Skeletoniser) te chu Mizoramah hian a la awm mumalloh avangin a eitu tur sava pawh a la awm lo niin a lang. Chutih rual erawh chuan Teak zara sava fu hi hmuh tur a awm fo mai. Teak-in leilung a nghawng dan hi kan ram tana a ṭhatlohna lian ber chu a ni zawk awm e.

Teak-in leilung a nghawng dan hi kan ram tana a ṭhatlohna lian ber chu a ni zawk awm e.

Tung:
Tung (Aleurites fordii) hi NLUP hnuaiah kum 1991 hnulam aṭangin nasa taka chin a ni a, a hriak hralhna ṭha tak awm ni a sawi a ni. Kum 2018-a Mizorama Tung plantation chungchang zawtchiang tura a buaipuitu Department lama ka kal chuan a project zawhna a rei tawh avangin data min pek tur an neihloh thuin min lo chhang a. A hlawhtling lo hle tihna ni berin a lang.

Jatropha:
Kang damdawi (Jatropha curcas) buaipuina tur hian Mizoram Sorkar leh Godrej Company te chuan Crore 250 zet senna tur inremna an siam a, Mizoram Intodelhna Project (MIP) kaltlanga thawh tur a ni. A hunlai chuan khawi khawiah emaw hmuh tur a awm a, tunah erawh a vang leh ta viau mai. Bio-diesel siamchhuahna tham kan thar ta lo nge, a hnu leha sorkar ten an ngaihsak zuilo?

Red Oil Palm:
Oil Palm tia kan hriat lar, Red Oil Palm hi kum 2005 aṭanga buaipui ṭan a ni a. Mizorama Sorkarna fung chelhtu hmasa hmalakna, ministry tharin tihtakzeta a chhawm nun awmchhun a ni mai awm e. Ministry pahnih ngawtin an buaipui a ni bawk a, a chingtu an tamin Company pathum ngawtin min thutchilh ren rawn a. A chingtute tan hamṭhatna leh ṭanpuina hrang hrang an pe nasa bawk a, khaw tin deuhthawhah oil palm hmun hmuh tur a awm. Hun a kal deuh a, a buaipuitu company lam pawh a tahtawlin an inhnukdawk a. Kumin chhoah phei chuan oil palm huan neitu ten a kung an kit a, a hmun an ṭhiat leh ṭan ta! Hmun ṭhenkhatah phei chuan JCB te hial ruaiin a zung nen lama phoro turin an pawt phawi leh ta. A chi an sem tirha hralhna tur an hriat te khan an duh leh ta lo nge, Mizoramin kan thar hi a quality a hniam fal deuh? Nge nia kan tharchhuahna leh phurhchhuahna man a san avangin a hriak man a to phaha, hralhna turah kan hnawng? Zawhna a tam thei khawp mai. Environment tana a ṭhat tawkloh dan leh tuihna eikangtu a nih dan te pawh ziak a tam hle chunga buaipui kan nih erawh hre reng ila.

Raw chi hrang hrang:
Mautam chhawmdawlna BAFFACOS sum hmangin raw chi hrang hrang Mizoramah lakluh a ni a, 2010 thleng khan chi 11 zet lakluh a ni. Chu’ng zingah chuan Bambusa bambos an tih, Mizoin “Rawhling” tia kan lo vuah ve tak, mi ṭhenkhat ten kan ram hruaitu hming chawia a hming an lo vuah ve bawk hi a lar ber te zinga mi a ni awm e. Heng bakah hian Maudâng (Schizostachyum pergacile), Moso (Phyllostachys edulis), Bambusa balcooa, B. vulgaris vittata, B. vulgaris waminii, B. multiplex, Dendrocalamus asper, D. giganteus (Vai-rawpui), D. latiflorus leh P. mannii te hi mumal taka chhinchhiah chin an ni. Kum 2010-a NBM hnuaia plantation kan endikna hmun hrang hrangah Vairam aṭanga lakluh Rawṭhing leh Phulraw ṭiak an dawn nasat thu an lo sawi bawk.

Heng Sorkar Policy hrang hrang avanga ramdang thing leh mau/rua leh kan lakluh te hi uluk takin chhut ta ila, a hlawhtlinna hmuh tur a tam lo hle a, Policy an kalpui tirha an hmathlir ang kha nise chuan raltiang ram kan thlen loh vek pawhin kan hmu pha vuai vuai tawhin a rinawm. Mipui thiamloh tam tak a awm ang a, Department lam tihfuh tawkloh pawh tam tak a awm ang. Thil pakhat chiang êm êm mai erawh chu heng ramdang thing leh mau kan lakluh te hian Mizoram hi a ngeih teh chiamlo tih hi a ni.

Tunah hian raw chi hnih kan buaipui leh ṭan mek a, chu’ng zinga pakhat zawk (D. latiflorus) phei chu BAFFACOS hunlaia Mizoram lakluh tawh a ni a, a chi dang – D. brandisii erawh Mizorama a luh hun chhinchhiah fel a awm lo thung. Heng raw chi hnih, a ṭualona hmuna ṭha tak tak mai, te hian Mizoram an ngeih angem? tih hi sawilawk thiam a harsa hle mai a, chutiang bawkin engtiangin nge an mikhualna ram hi a nghawng ang? tih hi ngaihruat thiam harsa tak a ni bawk. Tin, a tualṭona rama an hman dan leh an sawngbawl dan ngaihtuah hian khawvel ramdanga hralh tla tak ni tura sawngbawl chiam chi a ni angem? tih hriatthiam a har viau bawk. A hralhna tur awmsa thlap leh a hlawkzia hre sa chunga kan chin, kan hlawhchham pui tak te en chuan a hmanna tur leh a hralhna tur pawh kan la hriatloh han phurpui viau hi chu thil harsa tak a ni a, lo helh viau pawh hi a awm hle. Mau leh raw kaihhnawih industry lian tena an hman ṭangkai leh an duh zinga tello, India rama mau chin pun tura an thlan zingah pawha tel bawk silo an ni ve ve hi ngaihngam taka hmalak ti hartu a ni a. India ram state dang ten an uar vakloh, Sorkar laipui pawhin a la ngaihvenloh chi hnih hi kan risk fuh hlauh erawh chuan midangte tihhmuhtu kan ni thei ngeiin a rinawm. Heng Raw chi hnih bihchianna hi July 23, 2019 khan Vanglaini chanchinbuah tihchhuah tawh a ni a (hetah hian en theih a ni bawk http://bambusapiens.com/raw-chi-tha-bihchianna/), kan sawi chhunzawm tawh lovang. (Mau leh raw chungchang article dang hetah hian chhiar theih a ni bawk: www.bambusapiens.com/mau-mawlsawmna/)

Tlangkawmna
Mizoram thilte ngaisang tura kan infuih a, Mizoṭawng ngei pawh Kohhran meuhin hmang uar tura hma a lak mup mup laia Exotic species – ram dang thlai kan la ngaisang zawk a, chumi zara dinchhuah theih kan la inbeisei tlat leh intodelh theihna tur Policy-in chumi lam hlir a la hawi zel mai hi a lungchhiat thlak tak zet a ni. Kan rama awmsa, kan ram sik leh sa, leh leilung ngeih sa te tharhlawk zawka tharchhuah dan te, man man zawka hralhchhuah theih dan te ngaihtuah lova a bul atanga engkim zir thara, buaipui chawp a, bul ṭan ṭhat ngai thing leh thlai kan phurpuia kan ngaisang zawk tlat zel hi siamtu zahlohna lian tak, mahni ram leh hnam ngaihnêpna te pawh a ni hialin ka ring. Why Exotic?

[He article hi VANGLAINI (Mizo Daily)-ah July 3, 2020 khan tihchhuah a ni]