ecology Archives - Page 3 of 4

Nikir thla ti ti

June thla khan eng engemaw post ka tuma, mahse ka post lo. Ka ziak hman lo a ni. Tunah pawh ka la ziak ta chuanglo a. Engtikah nge ka ziah ang pawh ka hre chuang lo a. Engtak chu nge post ka tum pawh ka hre chuang lo. June thlazet kha chu ka damchhunga ka tawn ropui ber a ni hial awm e. Khatiang kha ka tawng leh tawhin ka inring lo. Heta han sawi tur chi a ni em pawh ka hre thiam lo e –

June thla khan chanchin lawmawm tak kan chhungkuain kan dawnga, Chanchin Tha avangin ka tawn ngailoh ka tawng bawk.

June thla khan ramsa vang êm êm mai, ramsial/sele kah a nih thu a thang chiama, thuneitu te pawhin hma an la zuia, dan bawhchhetu an hling nghal chat mai. Ropui tak a ni. Ka tel vena, BIOCONE (www.biocone.org) pawhin Sorkar hmalakna lawmawm a tih thu leh sorkar a thlawp thu te, dan bawhchhetu te a dem thu te a chhuah bawka. Chutih mek laiin Mizorama phul hmun nuam ber leh lian ber te zinga mi, Sialsuk tlangah tuten emawni thing an lo phun ve mek thung a ni awm a. Sialsuk tlanga phulhmun hi thing han awm khep khupna tura Pathian duan chu a nih loh hmel khawp mai; Tlaizawng leh Vaube an phun a ni awm a. Hman deuh khan pawl pakhat chuan Hmuifangah “Far tiak” an phun chiam tawh bawka. A chang leh ngaw hmun thiata phulhmun siam kan tuma, a chang leh phulhmuna thing phun kan tum leh ang lawia, a awmsa hi kan ngaitheilo viau zel mai chu a ni, eng kan ti zo ta nge mawni?

Project Zo-pangpar

Ka thiannu Dr. Saithani’n Mizorama tualto pangpar thlalak min rawn zawt thut maia, ka lo nei mumallo viau lehnghala. Ka ngaihsak tawkloh vang a nih rualin hmuh tur hi a vang ve hrim hrim tawh bawk a ni. A zarah tlem chu ka lakhawm ta hlauha, Mizo pangpar tam zawk par loh lai a nih leh zel avang erawh chuan lakkhawm tam a har viau. Fur laia pangpar thlalak tur zawn chu hmuh tam a har teh e. Mizoramah hian thing leh mau, thlai chi hrang chi engemaw zat kan neia, heng te hi ram tam takah awm velo, an awh ngawih ngawih a ni. A mi chenga te hian hlutna chang kan hre thinloa, ram danga mi kan lalut zela, kan ngaisang êm êm zel zawk mai thin bawk sia, a manganthlak ngawt mai.

Fur pui

Fur lai a ni a, ruah a sur nasaa, lei a mina, tui a lian bawka. Kawngpui chhuat a bala, tlang pang a min a, In a chima, hmun hrang hrangah chhiatna a thleng nasa hle. Mi tam tak tan chuan ‘Furchhia’ a ni a, a runthlak tak zet a ni. Mi eng emawzatin an chenna an chana, an nunna an chan phaha, chungkua a tiavai phah bawka. Inkalpawhna kawng a chhiaa, chakkhai lamna a buai zova.

Fur hi kum tin a thleng thina, pumpelh theih a ni lo. Furpui avanga chhiatna thleng thin tam tak pawh hi pumpelh harsa tak a ni ang. Chhiatna a thlen tam tak tihziaawm dan erawh a awm ngei ang. Inbuatsaihna tha leh ruahmanna felfai awm se chuan kan tawrh hi tun aiin a zia ngei ang. Josefa anga tam laka inven dan ngaihtuah chuak thiam ram hruaitu kan mamawh a ni ta ber awm e.

Wrath of Monsoon. Hunthar Veng leitlahniam (June 13, 2017)

Furchhia han ti thin mah ila fur avanga thlai thar, ei leh bar hmu kan ni miau maia, kan tui tlan lah fur avanga a hna kang chatlo a ni si. Thenkhat tan chhiatna zakhua, sorkar lu ti haitu nimahse, mi tam tak tan, nungcha te tan, thilsiam dang te tan erawh nunna hnar a ni lawi si.

Furah chuan Dingdi (Asclepias curassavica) pawh ama tawk tein a lo vul ve chik cheka, en hnaih poh leh a mawi ting mai a

Thlasik khawvawt leh thal khawroin a hmeh ro, fur ruahtui avang lo hring leh dup thin kan tlangram hian ruah bawhawk a ngam lo zual ta viau mai hi erawh a mi chenga te kan inenfiah a ngai viauin a lang. Khuarel chhiatna kan tih tam tak hi chu a mi chenga ten kan chenna leh a vel kan enkawl uluk loh vang leh kan fimkhur tawk lo vang a thleng tam tak a awm ngei ang, a nih loh vek chuan kan ram hi a chhe ve hrim hrim a ni ang!

He’ng thu hnep hnawl te te hi June thlaa post ka tum zinga mi thenkhat, ka tih mumal takloh te kha a ni ta mai awm mange!

Khawpui Țhang dik leh ramngaw

March 21 hi “International Day of Forest,” World Forestry Day tia an sawi bawk, ramngaw hlutna leh pawimawhna inzirtir tharna ni atan United Nations General Assembly-in a puang a, kum 2012 ațang khan kumtin hman țhin a ni. He ni pawimawh tak hi thupui bik neia hman țhin a ni a. Heng thupui te hi Collaborative Partnership on Forests (ram hrang hranga ramngaw humhalh kawnga thawkho pawl) ten an thlang țhin a; kumin thupui atan “Khawpui țhang dik leh ramngaw” (Forests and Sustainable Cities) tih chu thlan a ni. World Forestry Day atana March 21 thlan a nih kher chhan hi chhun leh zan rei zawng a inchen ni, “spring equinox” a nih vang a ni bawk.

Ramngaw leh Mizote

Mizo te leh ramngaw hi kan inngheng renga, tun thleng pawhin ramngaw leh a hausakna hmanga eizawng kan la țhahnem hle a. Ramngaw kan humhalh vanga Sap Kristianho au eih kan ni a (Zairema, 1978), chu kan humhalh chin vêk, Bristish Sawrkar-in kan kuta a dah (Inner line Forest Reserve) chu tun hnaia ramri-a kan buai thar lehna lai chu a ni bawk. Ei leh bar zawnna kawngah, khawtlang nunphung leh sukthlek leh hnam nun thlengin ramngaw hian nasa takin mi a nghawng a ni.

Mizorama cheng tam zawk te eizawnna hmun chu ramhnuai a ni

Țhangtharten ramngaw enkawl dan kan thiamloh a leiah kan ramngaw te nasa takin kan chana, kan ti rirala, mimal ram a tam tial tiala, ngaw a chereu tial tiala, loneitu ten loa an neih tur vantlang ram a zim tial tial thung. Mi rethei zawk te tan ei hmuh vena kawng a harsa tial tiala, thlawhhma siam thei te pawh a ngaia an kual zin avangin ram a leng rei theilova, ram a tuilo tial tiala, thlai an thar țha lo tial tial bawk. Ram insem zai dan rual tawkloh avangin ram neilo an tam tial tiala, vantlang ram a tlem tial tial bawk avangin Revenue Minister, Pu R Romawia chuan mangang takin “Zamindari System kan hlatlo…” tiin a lo sawichhuak hial a nih kha (Vanglaini, 23.01.2014).

Țhangthar leh zual teah ramngaw hlutna a thang chho leh mek thung. A zirna hmunpui kan neih chinah phei chuan nasa takin ramngaw humhalh kawngah kan harh thar leh a, tlawmngai pawl hrang hrang ten beih takzeta an beih ațang phei chuan India rama ramngaw nei zau ber te pawh kan ni leh ta hial a ni. Chutih rual chuan ngaw dur (126 Km²) erawh a nei tlem zinga mi kan ni thung lawia (ISFR, 2017).

Ramngaw enkawl dan (Forestry) leh Mizoram

Forestry subject zirna hi NEHU-Mizoram Campus-ah 1990 khan din țan a ni a, zir tur te duangfela, zirtirtu te an lakkhawm hnua zirtirna an kalpui țan tak chu kum 1997-ah a ni. Mizoram Univeristy a lo din hnu pawhin Forestry zirna hi chhunzawm zel a ni a, tun thlengin MSc ațanga PhD thleng zirna kalpui a ni a, Mizoram mai bakah India ram hmun hrang hranga ațangin zirlai an fuankhawm țhin.

MSc atanga PhD (Forestry) Programme hi MZU-ah kalpui mek a ni

Ramngaw enkawl lam zirna kawng hrang hrang leh zirbingna chi hrang hranga khawvel hmahruaitu nih a, ramngaw leh nungcha tinreng humhalh chunga retheihna umbo kawnga ram tana thawk tur mithiam chherchhuah hi MZU Forestry Department hmathlir duhawm tak chu a ni a. Chumi tihlawhtling tur chuan nasa takin kawng hrang hrangin hma a la mek a ni.

Sorkar laipui pawhin Forestry zirna hi a ngaipawimawh hle maia, Under Graduate lamah chuan ICAR hnuaiah awmin BSc (Forestry) hi kum 4 zir a ni a, MSc programme erawh UGC hnuaiah awmin kum 2 zir a ni thung. BSc zirna hi Mizoramah kan la neilova, sawitawh angin MSc zirna erawh MZU-ah kan nei thung. Tin, India sorkar hian heng, Forestry lama thiamna nei te hlutzia hi hriain State leh Indian Forest Service lamah te pawh duhsak bik an nih tur thu chiang takin a ziak bawk (National Forest Policy 1988: 4.11). Ziaka a duhsak ang ai erawh chuan State leh Central Sorkar hian a bik takin a duhsak bik chuanglo niin a lang. Mizoram Forest Deparment lamin thawk tur chi hrang hrang a lakah pawh hian duhsak bikna chu sawiloh, dil thei zinga an telh miahloh țum a tam ta mai. National Forest Policy hi ennawna siamțhat mêk a ni a, tuna an duan chhinah chuan ‘forestry lama zirthiamna nei te duhsak bikna’ lam hi a chuang ta rih lo thung. Zawm loh pui policy-a dah reng țul an ti lo a ni mahna!

Khawpui leh ramngaw

Ramngaw hlutna hrang hrang an sawi zinga sawi lan hlawh vaklo chu ramngawin khawvel tilumtu carbon a upbo nasat thu hi a ni awm e. Tunhnaiah Bhutan ramin ramngaw a humhalh nasat thu leh carbon negative ram an nih thu a thang nasa hle a. A awmzia tawitein tarlang ila, “Bhutan ramin lirthei, industry leh mihring chet velna hrang hrang hmanga carbon an tihchhuah aiin an ramngawin carbon a eia, a upbo a tam tihna a ni,” chumiin chiang taka a kawh chu ramngaw an nei țha hle tihna a ni.

Some part of Siaha Town. A view from Tourist Lodge, Siaha

Ramngaw chereu chakna chhan liantak chu mihring chetvelna chi hrang hrang te hi a ni a. Heng hmasawnna ruhrel nia an sawi țhin tam tak – khawpui tih zauh nana In leh lo din a, ramngaw țhiah te, khawpuia mi te mamawh tur siamna leh tharchhuahna tur hmun hrang hrang din nana ramngaw tih danglam te hi a zualkai ber nisi, an puh phal siloh a ni (Ramakrishnan, 2012).

Mihring kan pun zel avangin chenna kan mamawh belh zela, eitur kan mamawh belh zel bawka; In kan sa lo theiloa, thlawhhma kan zauh lo theilo. Hei vang hian thlawhhma kan siamna leh In leh lo kan dinnaa ramngaw kan tihchhiat ai hi kan chenna, kan khaw chhehvel leh khawchhung thlengin a remchang laiah thing hmun kan siam a pawimawh a, chutiang tih theihna hmun pawh chu kan zuah a pawimawh hle a ni.

Hring ve dup mahse thingkung emaw a ni si lo. Hringlo tawp ai chuan a tha reng reng e!

Khawpuia thing hmun

United Nations-in kumin World Forestry day puala a thuchah, khawpuia thinghmun thatna leh țangkaina a sawite tawite lo tarlang ila:

Ramngaw leh thing te hian boruak tilumtu nasa taka a thuhnuai avangin khawvel sik leh sa danglam zel tur pawh a veng thei.
Thing leh mau te hian sik leh sa vawnhim kawngah nasa takin hna a thawka, boruak tih daih nana kan power mamawh zaa 20 – 50 zetin a tihniam thei.
Awmze nei taka khawpui leh a chhehvela thingphun hian 8°C zetin boruak a ti dai thei a, air conditioner mamawhna pawh zaa 30 zetin a hniam phah thei.
Khawchhunga thing te hi boruak thlifimtu țha tak a ni a, boruak chhia leh bawlhhlawh lengvel a thlifim thei.
Khawchhung leh a chhehvela ramngaw hi tuihna vawnhimna țha tak a ni a, leimin tur venna a ni bawk.
Thingkung leh mau te hian ri bengchheng lakah nasa takin mi a vawng him thei.
Khawtual mite tan a rah, a pil leh a hnahte țangkai taka hman theih a ni.
Khawpuia thing hmun awm hian nungcha dang tan chenna a siam sakin humhalhna hmun țha tak a ni.
Khawchhunga ngaw leh thinghmun awm hi khaw cheina țha tak a ni a, khualzin hipna hmun țha tak a nih bawk avangin mi tam takin eizawnna an neih phah tawh a ni.
Khawpui chhunga thing leh mau, ngaw leh phul hmun awm te hian nunphung hrisel leh rilru hrisel nei thei turin mi a ti phura, chu chuan nasa takin hriselna kawngah mi a pui bawk.

Tlipna

Ramngaw humhalh leh enkawl kawnga țhangharh thar leh mêk, Mizo te hian kan ramngaw hlutzia kan hriat thar leh a pawimawh khawp mai. Kan rohlu kan ramngaw te tichhetu chu huai taka kan do ngam a ngai. Ramngaw humhalh vanga Chanchin țha dawng, ramngaw humhalh avanga ‘mi lu la hnam’ tia hriat hlawh kan ni tih i hre thar leh ang u. Kan tihchhiat palh te siamțha turin țan kan lak a ngai.

Rimawi ram, herhse leh ngiau par rim lenna rama siam leh turin, hawh u, thingkung awmsa humhalh ila, awmze neiin, mahni ram thing ngei, kan hip țhan boruak pe chhuak thei ngei, ram dang thing nilo phun bawk ila, enkawl puitling bawk ila. Kan khawpui te hi chenna tlaka hmun hring nuam zawkah, khawpui hlim leh hrisel zawkah i siam ang u.

Reference:

ISFR, 2017. India State of Forest Report 2017. Forest Survey of India (Ministry of Environment & Forests). www.fsi.nic.in

Ramakrishnan, P.S. 2012. Hill agriculture: vulnerability and management options. National Workshop on Green Revolution in Mizoram. AMFU

Zairema, 1978. God’s Miracles in Mizoram: a glimpse of Christian work among head-hunters (In: Lehkhabu te Pasarih. Ed: Revd Chuauthuama). Zorun Community, Zarkawt, Aizawl.

http://www.fao.org/international-day-of-forests/en/

https://www.vanglaini.org/tualchhung/archive/2014-01-23

[Published on Vanglaini Mizo daily Vol – XXXIII No. 67 Wednesday 21.03.2018]

The Bamboo Chronicles

Being born and raised in a family where the kitchen garden is primarily dominated by bamboo, there has always been a part of bamboo in me. Our “Chuktuah huan” (Kitchen garden or backyard) was the place where the chronicles begun. At least three species of bamboo were growing, till 2006. The gregarious flowering of the Mautak (Melocanna baccifera) since 2006 was the cause of the downfall of the bamboo dynasty at our backyard.

Bamboo forest cleared for Lo (jhum field). A view from West Phaileng to Lallen road.

Bamboo, by taxonomy, belongs to a grass family. Functionally, it is more like a wood, and is often regarded as a tree. Mizoram has at least 25 indigenous species of bamboo, belonging to 8 genera. Among them, Mautak (M. baccifera) is the dominating species, occupying ~90% of the bamboo forest of the state. Since time immemorial, bamboo has been used in varied ways. It is one of the most highly utilized natural resources among the Mizo community.

There’s a saying, once a man built a house with bamboo. He used bamboo pole, bamboo flooring, bamboo wall and bamboo thatched roof and cooked bamboo shoot in a bamboo culm, using bamboo as fuel wood. He then consumed the bamboo shoot, and said, “Bamboo, I’m in you and you’re in me.” Indeed, bamboo has a deep impact on the socio-economics and socio-culture of the Mizo society.

A young girl sells a bamboo shoot @Vaipuanpho

The recent re-clarification of bamboo as a grass, by the president of India, however abstain the Incredible India to claim its carbon trading protocol through bamboo. If only it was acknowledged as a tree, the carbon credit owned by India would be immense, much much higher than those hardwood species. However, bamboo farmers would easily harvest their bamboo without acquiring permission from the government. In other words, bamboo being re-classified as grass makes it unnecessary to obtain permission, they can freely harvest and sell. Its a great news for the bamboo farmers. Yet, the environmental service rendered by the bamboo forests remains the same.

The Bamboo College

I did my UG studies at the Union Christian Christian College (UCC). The UCC was established in Aug. 14, 1952 at Umiam Khwan, Meghalaya by the Assam Christian Council, now known as the North East India Christian Council (NEICC). During its inception, the managing board was so poor that they could not afford any hi-fi building materials. Instead, they built classrooms and other buildings with the locally available bamboo. Since then, it was given a nick name “the Bamboo College.”

The guy who grew up among the clumps and culms of bamboo finally graduated from the bamboo college. The story continues…

The bambu sapiens

After completing PG from the Mizoram University, the guy among the bamboo choose to be with the bamboo yet again. Enrolling myself to do a research on the ecological services of bamboo in combating the climate change, I think about bamboo, I spoke about bamboo, I dreamt about bamboo and I keep on working in the bamboo forest here and there.

Sub-samples for laboratory analysis. The RE Classic playing its role!

Bamboo leads me to 5 study sites in the five administrative districts of Mizoram. Visiting each sites bi-monthly; measuring the girth, collecting the soils, excavating the roots, collecting the litters. Two and half years passed, those data sets were transformed into some magical equations…and lo! I was permitted to submit my thesis.

Bambu sapiens at work among the Rawthing (clumps of B. tulda) @Mausen, Lunglei district

Since I worked on and with bamboo for more than two years, my friend used to call me ‘bamboo man,’ however, there are guys like Ghani Zaman who has been acknowledged as ‘Bamboo Man’ for his enormous bamboo related works. Moreover, my contribution and experience doesn’t deserve the ‘bamboo man’ title. Instead, ‘bambu-sapiens’ feels more suitable…hehe…

Field work was never a burden when you have a friend who always stood by your side be it storm or rain! Kudos to a research colleague, Dr. B. Malsawmkima

Dec. 2, 2014

Another months passed; finally Dec. 2, 2014 was the day I stood for the bamboo, defending the bamboo and proclaim that “Bamboo is the answer!” After a few sets of questions being answered, a round of applause and an acknowledgement from my Supervisor sealed the day. Handshake and light refreshment followed.

Meanwhile at home, on the same day, there was a news of a new born baby girl; another member in the family. She is the third child and first daughter of my elder brother. How joyful it was! Its the Lord doing.

The Acknowledgment

In my thesis, I wrote the following few lines, acknowledging those that made me the bambu-sapiens:

I expressed my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor Prof. S.K. Tripathi for his never ending encouragement, guidance and advice. Without him, this research work will never be completed. I am also thankful to my co-supervisor Dr. F Lalnunmawia, a wonderful counselor, who is always ready for me.

I thanked Prof. U.K. Sahoo, the Head of Department of Forestry and other faculty members of the department for their constant support.
Several personnel, who helped me in locating the potential study sites and arranging the necessary protocol for performing the on field experiments and collection of samples, especially Pi Chhawni of Mausen and Pu Patrick Z, the then Village Council President of Chhingchhip Mualpui, are instrumental in the completion of this work, I shall never forget them.

Their names are worth mentioning – Mr. B. Malsawm Kima, a research colleague, who always stood by my side, be it storm or rain, another research colleague – Mr. Lalriliana Fanai and Ms Jeeceelee Leishangthem for their tiredless help in the field work, data analysis as well as in the laboratory works. I am much obliged to them.

I am extremely grateful to Dr. H. Lalhlenmawia, Head, Department of Pharmacy, RIPANS, Aizawl and his staff, Dr. Aduha Pachuau, in particular, for their generousity and assistance in the laboratory works.
The staffs of the Central Instrumentation Laboratory, Mizoram University are the backbone in the chemical analyses of my samples, I am thankful to them.

My sincere gratitude goes to Dr. C. Lalrammawia for his support and advice in shaping up my thesis.

The support I received from my parents encouraged me to reach this far. Words could not express my gratitude to my loving parents!

Above all, I thanked God for His merciful blessings which He bestowed upon me. I thanked Him for giving me all of the above and lots more.

April 10, 2015: Xth Convocation of MZU – “By virtue of the power vested in me…I admit you to the degree of…I charge you that ever in your life and conversation you show yourselves worthy of the same”

To this day, I often asked myself “Am I worthy of it…?”

[slightly personal… :D]

UPA C. ROKHUMA

Zirna tluang pangngaiah pawl 6 thleng chauh a zira, mahse pawl 6 thleng chauh zir zawng zawngah chuan ani aia fing hi an awm kher lovang. Hna thawk chungin private-a pawl 9 exam-in a pass leh a; pawl 9 pass zingah ani aia thiam leh hre ril hi an awm chuang hek lovang.

Kan naupan laiin lehkhabu pan te, a kawma a ziaktu hmel chuang, ngaihnawm zet mai hi ka u hian min chhiar sak thina. Ziak leh chhiar ka thiam ve chinah erawh chhiar sak ngailovin chu lehkhabu ngaihnawm chu ka chhiar ve thin. “Tunlai Khawvel Thlirna” tih lehkhabu ka chhiar atanga ka hriat, Upa C. Rokhuma thuziak te hi Mizo ziakmi te kutchhuak zinga ka chhiar hmasak ber a nih ka ring!

Pianpui finna sang leh thuk tak nei, zirtirtu, zirtirtu te zirtirtu, sipai bang – Indopui II-na Veteran, Sande Sikul zirtirtu te zirtirtu, ziakmi, pa titi thiam, thil chik mi, pa chak, pa taima, Pathian tih mi, vantlang tana mi inpe, scientist, mi rinawm…a tlar thui teh e! Upa C. Rokhuma tluka Mizo mipui te tana thawhhlawk hi an tam lo khawp ang!

A chanchin tlem

Upa C. Rokhuma hi July 21, 1917-ah Reiek-ah a pianga, unau 9 zinga a upa ber a ni a; farnu 3 a nei. A nupui Pi Lalrinthangi (L) nen hian kum 1939-ah an inneia, fa mipa 4 leh hmeichhia 3 an nei a, tu 19 leh tuchhuan 15 an nei bawk. Upa C. Rokhuma hian 1934 – 47 chhung khan hmun hrang hrangah zirtir hna a thawk a, 1946 – 1953 chhungin sub-Inspector of School hna a thawk bawk. Guru Training School (Teachers Training School)-ah kum 1955 – 66 Instructor hna a thawk a, MSSU hnuaia Sunday School zirtirtu training Instructor hna kum 1967 – 1978 thleng a thawk bawk. Tin, Indopui II-na hunlai khan Sipaiah a tang bawk.

Vantlanga tana mi inhmang tak a ni a, YMA President a ni thin a, Mautam tam lo thleng tur laka inven nan 1951-ah Tam do pawl a dina. Ruahmanna hrang hrang an siam te chu sorkar pawhin ngai pawimawhin theih tawpin hma an laa, Mautam tam pawh a ziaawm phah hle. Mautam chungchanga hriatna thuk tak nei a nih avangin Kum 2006 – 09 chhoa Mau a tam leh pawh khan mithiam te thurawn lakna pawimawh tak a ni chhunzawm zel bawk.

Vantlanga tana a hnathawh that avang hian kum 1992 khan India President hnen atangin PADMA SHRI chawimawina hlu tak a dawng a, hmun hrang hrang atangin chawimawina chi hrang hrang a dawng bawk.

Synod Boys Hostel-a kan awm laiin tum khat chu inkhawm a kaihruaia, zai tura The Barnabas (Male Voice) te a sawm kha mitthlaah a lang reng thin! Miin thiam an tih thu te, sawi lawk se tape recorder-a lo record a chak thu te kha a sawi a, Kohhran mipui te pawh kan nui hak nghe nghe. Upa C. Rokhuma hi Chhimphei Presbytery Inkhawmpui, Bungkawn kohhrana kum 1978-a neihin Mission Vengthlang Kohhran Upa ni tura a nemngheh, rawngbawlna kawnga mi thahnemngai, Kohhran humhalh mi a ni.

Padma Shri kiangah ni khat

Tawnhriat ngah te kawma, an titi ngaihthlak hi kan chak thina, chung zingah chuan Upa C. Rokhuma hi kan kawm chak ber te zinga mi a ni a, naupan lai atanga kan ngaihsan tawh a nih avang te pawh a ni tel bawk ang. Pa upa lam a nih tawh avangin thawn thut chilohah kan ngaia, a tunu, Lalrokimi kaltlangin len kan duh thu kan hrilha, Sept. 4, 2012-ah remchang min lo siam sak ta hlauh maia kan lawm hle a ni.

Sept. 4, 2012: Kei, Upa C. Rokhuma leh Rochana

Kan kawm tum hian Upa Rokhuma hi kum 95 mi a ni tawha, a hriatna that zia leh thil a chhinchhiah theih zia hi chu sawiloha leng a ni. Kan kawm chhung zawnga mak kan tih leh kan sawi tawp theih loh chu a rinawmna kha a ni. Kan zawhna kha a hriatloh zawng a nih hlauh chuan a hriatloh thuin min chhang maia, a rinthu a sawi ngailoa, hre awm angin min chhang lo, “Ka hre hauh lo mai” a ti thên mai. Nia a hriat dan emaw a duh duh danin emaw, engpawh mai kha sawi ta se keini, hre pha velo kha chuan kan awih vek awm si a! Mahse dawt min hrilh duh miahlo leh a hriat loh a hrelo ngam kha kan ngaihsanna tizualtu a ni.

Zawhna inkarakik pui pui, rilrua lang apiang kan zawt a, Rochana’n Mizo History leh Politics lam te, thil chi hrang hrang a zawta. Keiin Science lam, a bikin ecology leh conservation lam engemawzat ka zawt thung a. Heng zawng zawngah hian, “keini te chu lehkha thiamlo kan nia, kan hriat ve te hi chu a lau em mai…ka aiin in hre zawk daih ang…” ti chungin kan hriat ngailoh tha tha min hlui a, kan phur deuhin zawhna kan siam belh zela, a hriat loh zawng chu “ka hre hauhlo mai…” tiin min chhang zel thung a. Maumitvel lo pianchhuah dan ni a pi-pu ten an sawi thin min hrilh te, Tut lui dunga sa an pel thin dan a sawi te kha a ngaihnawm teh e. “In hre duh em?” “duh tho mai” “tho mai chauh maw…in hre duh tak tak lo a niang maw…” tia an fiamthu zauh te khan a ti ngainatawm zual sauh bawk.

Tawngkam mai nilo, a chetzia zawng zawng nen… Sept. 4, 2012

Kum 95 chhunga a tawnhriat hrang hrang, a bikin Mizo nunphung leh khawtlang inrebawl dan, ram leh hnam an humhalh dan te, ramngaw leh nungcha an enkawl dan te nen min hrilh a. A In a sak laia a bang tur dap a chik dan leh a thawh rim zia a sawi te phei chu a ngaihnawm tak zet a ni.

Mizoram khawchin mumal takin a chhinchhiaha, ruah tui tlak dan, ni chhuah leh tlak hun thlengin. Khawpui rik hun leh buh thar inkungkaih dan a sawi thin te khan Applied science lama a rilzia a tilang chiang hle. Mahse heng zawng zawng hi chinchhuakin ka zawt hman ta lo. Serthlum enkawlnan bika a duanchhuah RK Mixture chungchang leh Par arsi hnuaia serthlum a that duh thu a sawi te pawh kha ka zawhchian hman tak loh zinga mi a ni. Mahse a taka a thil tih, a tawnhriat atanga a sawi a ni si. Hetiang indigenous knowledge hi science & technology than zel nana kawng pawimawh hmasa a ni a. Inter-cropping te phei hi chu tun thlengin mi tam takin PhD degree an hmuhna a la ni reng bawk.

Hemi tuma Rawmi chi ka pek kha ti tiak thei tak maw!

Vawi khat dang leh

Kum 2015, April 29 khan a huana thakthing kung thliin a chhem tliaka, thakthing project kan khawih lai a nih avangin sample la-in a huanah, a tupa Hriatzuala (Te-a) nen kan kala. Haw pahin a Inah kan lut kawia, kum 98 mi lai a nih tawh avangin a taksa a chaklovin a lo chaurau ve hle tawh a. Khuma mu chungin a fa thenkhat te nen an lo inkawm a. A aw a la fiahin a ri hriatna a la tha a, a rilru pawh a la fim vek bawk. Amah kawma kum 2012-a kan len tawh thu leh ka research ka zawh tawh thu te ka hrilh chuan min lawmpui ve hle a, chibai te min buk hial. Hei hi Upa Rokhuma ka hmuh hnuhnun ber a ni ta. [ Pu C Rokhuman Mautam chungchang a sawi ka record download duh chuan click mai tur].

An venga raw lianpui mai, mam pel pul, eng rua nge tih an hriat mailoh hi, Hriatzuala nen bawk hian kan va en nghal a, Rawmi (Dendrocalamus sikkimensis) a lo ni a.

A hun hnuhnung

Vawiin, Nov. 23, 2017 hi he khawvel a chhuahsanna champhaphak vawi 1-na a lo ni ve leh ta reng mai. Pa hrisel tak, natna êm êm pawh nei ngailo kha, thawhah avangin Nov. 15, 2016 zanah Aizawl Hospital ICU-ah enkawl a ni a. ni thum hnuah Private ward-a sawn ngam khawpin a tha leh a. Mahse a thawhrimna te chawlhsana, a nupui, kum 2015-a a sun tak kiangah, Pathian angchhunga chatuana chawl ve tawh turin Nov. 23, 2016 chawhma dar 11:30 khan he khawvel hi a lo chhuahsan ta a ni. A tuk, Nov. 24, 2016-ah thlahliam a ni.

Zofate ro dang zawng zawng khuma finna leh hmasawnna kawnga bung thar min kaipuitu, Upa C. Rokhuma’n Mizo fate tana a hnuchhiah zawng zawng hi a hlut zawng chhutchhuah theih loh khawpa hlu leh tam a ni a. A thawhrim rahchhuah tam tak te hi thangtharte tan a zira zir fe tham a ni ngei ang.

Ayubhowan: A Ceylon Diary

There’s a hymn by Reginald Heber (1783-1826) we used to sing, which read –

“What though the spicy breezes, Blow soft o’er Ceylon’s isle…”

Since then, the name Ceylon has been lingering in my mind. The Lord showed His mercy on me, and giveth me the privileged to experience the spicy breezes that blow across the Indian Ocean, for a week. Like the hymnodist said, it was a beautiful country, which earnestly longed and sacrificed for peace.

Yet again, my camera was my diary, it freezes those moments, that portray Sri Lanka, the nation, that wished me “Ayubhowan” (May you live long).

Deities of the Kohomba

A twin percussionists played the Geta Beraya in a vibrant rhythm. The dancers swirl and swing to the groove of the percussions, and occasionally sang the vannam (a kind of recitation). Most vannam describe the behaviour of animals.

Kandyan dance is believed to originate from the dance performed by the deities of Kohomba in central Sri Lanka.

A group of dancer performing the Kandyan dance

The innaugural procession of the SACYN 2017 was led by these dynamic Kandyan dancers.

Family matter

A sweet smile was their response, as I point my lens towards them, a Sinhalese family. All through the week, I have noticed that the Sinhalese communities are a happy community.

A Sinhalese family – their simple gesture makes me feel at home

One of the major battles the Sri Lankan’s are facing is the battle, with nature, for land. Impact of climate change has been suffered by the country. Submerging of land is one of the major impacts. Land dispute between the Government and the citizens, especially the grassroots is another battle they are fighting. Submerging of land and the 30 years’ war the country had gone through enhanced the dispute.

All these internal conflicts and disputes are a family matters of the country. But climate change…its a matter of the earthlings as a whole!

Life along the Salt Canal

Reclamation and submerging of lands has always been a subject in an Island ecosystem. Several lands are often washed off or submerged by the sea waters. The Muthurajawela wetland in Negambo, Sri Lanka is also among those, often submerged by salt water. A canal was built by the British to drain the salt water in 1802 and named it Hamilton Canal (aka Dutch Canal). At present, it is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the area.

Houses are constructed along the canal, leaving only a narrow footpath, without a railing. It seems the settlers are well adapted to it, and never fell into the canal. On the contrary, I was told that a few moments before I shot this photo, a three-wheeler fell in it, but from the other side of the canal.

Fisherman’s agony
Fishing industry is one of the most blooming industries in the Sri Lankan economy. The government has envisioned a large scale fishing industry.At present, the fishing community comprises of the traditional fishing community with an improvised or modernised oruvas (sailing canoe). These fishermen are the grassroots of the society, continuing the fishing legacy for more than a century.

The Government’s new policy on the fishing industry is not so welcomed by them, as they have a suspicion that they will be overthrown by the corporate. The National Fishery Solidarity Movement (NAFSO) endlessly fights for the rights of the fishing community.

If the policy is empowered, not only the grassroots will suffer, but the method adopted by the fishing industry is detrimental to the environment; increasing the rate of erosion and submerging of coastal low lands. Fighting against both the climate change and the policy agonised the fisherman.

Fading glory

As the government is eyeing to enlarge the fishing industry, the traditional fishing communities, the grassroots of the society, are in despair. To them, fishing is not only a passion, but a life and a legacy.

With the advent of the corporate equipped with hi-tech fishing gears, the fishing legacy of the indigenous community is fading day by day, dwindling year after year.

A wife helped her fisherman-husband in picking the fishes and the crustaceans entangled in the net. Women play an active role in fighting for the rights of the fisherman.

There will be times when the traditional fishing technique will be seen only through art works, when the oruvas is only a museum collection. When those times come, they’ll ponder upon the good old days, their glorious days that fade…

Sanguine

After hearing all the country’s dark side, I met this young boy, who just came back from school. He was neither bothered by the past nor the future, but enjoyed the present. A confident smile was his reaction to the lens being aimed at him.

A Jolly and confident young boy of Negambo city.

He might not understand the struggle that the Lankan’s had gone through. He might not be aware of the bloody war that was fought. The consequences of the war were beyond his perception. But he’s enjoying the moment, he’s the new generation, a generation of peace and tranquility.

Walking the Negambo City

Negambo is a City on the west coast of Sri Lanka, north of the capital, Colombo. It is famous for its lagoon and beach.

A Lottery counter on the roadside had an ample amount of customers.

Street food- Almost all the food items contained at least a few pinched of sea food.

We were relentlessly searching for a street food hawker. We finally managed to find this guy. He might be a Sri Lankan Tamil, and the fruits that he hanged suggested he’s a Hindu.

The internal politics of the country is beyond our knowledge. Many blamed the Government for not providing sufficient humanitarian aid to the civil war refugee. This picture, reminded me of those that still suffered the consequences of the civil war.

On the contrary, this Tamil gentleman gestured the sign of peace. Ironically, the Sri Lankan Civil War was fought between the Tamil separatist and the Sri Lankan Government.

Devotion
As she finished her noon prayer, a believer rejoicingly left the Church. She was sitting and praying at the back pew. She was wearing a hearing aid. I, oftenly, used to think that what the mainstream society called differently-abled are more devoted and consecrated to their faith.

St. Stephen’s Church has a long history. Built in 1877 and consecrated on Jul. 31, 1880, was declared as Archaeological protected monument in 2011; and it belongs to the Anglican Church.

I bid goodbye to Sri Lanka on Oct. 14, 2017.

“Ayubhowan, Sri Lanka”

Environment Humhalh

Environment chu engnge?

Environment chungchang te, a chhiat tawh dan leh a humhalh dan kawng hrang hrang te kan hre chamchi a, mahni phak tawk theuhah, a humhalhna kawngah pawh hma kan sawn tlang viau tawh a, a lawmawm tak zet a ni. Environment han tih hian Mizo tawng chuan “Kan chhehvel thil” tiin kan sawi mai thina, a dik thawkhat viau a, amaherawhchu Environment-ah hian keimahni, mihring te leh nungcha dang te pawh hi kan tel ve a ni tih kan hriat nawn a tha. Zirmite chuan Environment hi hlawm lian tak pahnih – Biotic (nunna nei) leh Abiotic (thil nunglo) Environment-ah te an la thendarh leh chhawnga. Tun tumah hi chuan Bio-Physical Environment (Nunna nei te leh an chenna chhehvel) hi kan sawi ber tur a ni ang.

Environment awmzia:

Environment hian a huamzau hle a, science lam te, mihring nunhona leh thanlenna lam hawi zawng te, leh thilnung chi hrang hrang te inlaichinna lam hawi zawng te pawhin a sawi theih ang. Ecological Environment-in a kawh ber ni a lang chu thilnung chi hrang hrang te leh anmahni nghawngtu, an chhehvela thildang awm te hi a ni. Heng anmahni nghawngtu zingah hian thilnung, nunna nei leh thilnunglo, nunna neilo te a huam. A tawi thei ang bera sawi dawn chuan “Thilnung leh anmahni nghawngtu thil chi hrang hrang te” tiin sawi ila a pawm a hahdam mai awm e.

Humhalh a ngaih chhan:

Pathianin nunna a duan dan hi a mak a, thilsiam engpawh mai hi mahnia nunga awm thei engmah an awm lova, inmamawh leh inpeng tawn theuh kan ni. Pathianin min siam dan phung anga kan nun chuan buaina leh harsatna a thleng lem lo; mahse, duhamnaa khat mihring te avang hian chu khuarel kalphung pangngai chu tihdanglam (manipulate) a ni fo a, chu chuan he leia thilnung leh thilnung lo te inlaichinna chu nasa takin a tibuai ta a ni.

Environment tibuaitu te:

Environment hi thil chi hrang hrang inzawm khawm a nih avangin awlsam tea chhe maithei, der dep ru tak a ni a. Chhan hrang hrang avanga danglam dawrh thei a ni.

2.1 Khuarel chhiatna

Zirmiten an zir danah chuan khawvelah hian khuarel kalphung pangngai avangin chhiatna chi hrang hrang a lo tleng tawh thina. Arsi tla avanga a tlakna hmun danglam dawrh dan te, leimin leh tui lian avang te, lirnghing leh thlipui avang te, tlang kang avang tea khawvel danglam theih dan chu sawi ngai lovin kan hre theuh awm e. Heng khuarel thil te hi chu a thawhdan a muan (a intham chhung a rei) avang leh hunbi fel tak neia thleng a nih tlangpui avangin thilnung tinreng te pawh engtikah emaw tawk thut thei tura hriatna mak tak mai Pathianin min pe a, kan insiamrem thei thin; chutiang tih theihna chu adaptation an ti.

2.2 Mihring te avangin

Environment tibuaia, harsatna siam nasa bertu chu mihring te hi kan ni awm e. Kan nawm kan makah khuarel kalphung bawhchhe thak khawpin thlai thar rang leh thar hlawk kan buaipuia; rah tha tak chhuah se kan duh avangin leilunga thlai chawmtu leitha Pathianin a dah sa chu duhkhawp lovin leitha dangin kan vura, thirdawt hmangin luitui kan la penga. Development changchawiin kan awlsam dan tur ngawt kan ngaihtuaha, lirthei leh veivahna tur hmanraw chi hrang hrang kan siam chhuaka, chung thil te avang chuan he khawvel hi a lo lum tawlh tawlha, tui thianghlim in tur a vang telh telha, lei a da telh telh bawka. Lei kan laia, in lian pui pui kan saa, tuihawk luankawr kan ti danglama, lui a mi tiau kan laa, sarang leh plastic hmanga siam bungrua kan uar telh telh bawka. Kan hnawmhnawk kan paih duhdaha, paihna pangngaia paih pawhin a sawngbawlna kan nei tha leh silova, hnawmhnawk awmna kan sawn chu a ni ber e. Ei zawh mai sen loh thlai kan thar avangin a vawnthatna kan siam a ngai leha, chu chuan a leh a lingin environment a tibuai leh a. Mihring ten khawvel kan tichhe mek a, a tawp khawkah chuan keimahni bawk hi a buai berah kan tang leh ta a ni.

Environment buaiin a nghawng theih te

Environment hi kan chhehvela nunna nei leh neilo, kan dam khawchhuahna atana min nghawng tute tiin tawngkam dangin a sawi theih ang. Hetiang tak a nih avang hian environment a buai miau chuan kan dam khawchhuah dan tur hi a buai tihna chu a ni ber awm e. A nghawng theih zawng zawng chu kan hre seng hauh loa, a sawi lah kan sawi seng hek lovang, ni tinin a nghawng chi dang hi a lo lang chho zel a ni.

3.1 Climate change

Climate change tih tawngkam hi tunlaia tawngkam lar tak a ni a, US President, Donald Trump-an a ngaihthah tlat avanga khawvelin a dem zia pawh kan hre theuh awm e. Mizo tawng chuan sik leh sa danglam tiin a hrilhfiah theih mai awm e. A duhtui deuh chuan Climate change tih ringawt hi an duhtawk lova, abrupt climate change ti tein an sawi deuh kher thin.

Sik leh sa danglam nasa hian environment-ah nghawng nasa takin a neia, chu mai piah lamah ram inrelbawlna thlengin nghawng a nei nasa dawn hle niin zir mite chuan an sawi. Khawchin mumallo – khawlum tawlh tawlh, thlasik vin tak, nipui – tawrh harsa khawpa lum, ruah baw hawk tam tawlh tawlh, kum tluana ruahtui insemruallo, khawkheng adt. hi sik leh sa danglamin a nghawng langsar chu a ni. Heng avang hian natna hrik kan hriat ngailoh a lo puang chho mêk a, ram luma awm chauhin an vei thin kha Zo tlangsanga awm te pawhin kan lo vei ve ta zel bawk.

3.2 Ecological balance buai

“Ecosystem a in-balance lo,” “Ecological balance a buai” tih te hi Mizo tena tawngkam kan hman uar tak a ni chho ta zel a. Ecosystem chu leia thilnung tinreng te leh thilnung lo te nunho, chenho dan leh an inlaichin dan a ni a; Ecology chu thilnung leh thilnung lo te inlaichin dan chungchang zirna a ni. Mizo thufing chuan “Lungpui pawh lungtein a kamki loh chuan a awm theilo” tih kan hmu a, he tawngkam tluka ecosystem sawifiahna hi a awm awm lo ve. Thil nung tinreng te leh nunna neilo te hi kan inmamawh dan a inanglo hret hreta, kan mamawh loh kha engin emaw a mamawh. a mamawhtu kha eng atan emaw kan mamawh ve leh thin; chutiang taka he khawvela Pathian thilsiam te hi inmamawh tawn kan ni. Ecological balance chungchang entirna pakhat chu rul chungchangah hian a ni awm e:

Mizo te hian rul hi kan haw hle maia, Eden huan nena kan sawi zawm tawh phei chuan rul zawng zawng hi kan hmu setana vek mai thin. Tunhnaia Mizorama rul chuk vanga thihna leh hliam tuar tam zawk hi Ecological balance buai vang niin a lang. Rulngan hi rul dang eitu langsar tak a ni a, Mizorama rulchuk tamzawk hi rulngan chuk nilovin ruldang (khuavang rul – Black Krait, Rultuha etc) chuk a ni a. Rul tur nei dang eitu tur, rulngan a tlem avangin rul chuk hi a tam ta sawt ni berin a lang. Chutiang zelin rul population vawngthatu ber chu rulngan a ni. Khuarel kalphungah hian top predator (a eitu lian ber) hi an tlem ber thin a, hnawksak tham khawp rulngan hi an awm a rinawm loh. Chutiang zelin thilnung pakhat a tlem/awm tak loh avang hian kan rin phak bakin nghawng a nei pawi thei a ni.

Pathianin khawvel kalphung a duan danah hian inei tawna, inchawm tawn tur kan ni a; eitu lian ber pawh a thih meuh chuan sulrul leh lei hrik ten an eirala, chu chu hnim leh thlai te chawmtu a lo ni ve leh tho thin, chutiang taka inmamawh tawn chu kan ni. Sik leh sa danglam nasa tuar chhuak ve theilo thilnung, thilsiam dangte laka nghawng nei lian si an awm; chu harsatna chu kan hmachhawn chho tan mek a ni.

Engtia hmuhalh tur nge?

Duhâm loh hi a hnukhnai ber a ni a, zawh harsa ber a ni thung awm e. Environment pawimawh zia sawiin Prof. Guy McPherson chuan, “Environment aia sum leh pai a pawimawh zawka i hriat chuan thaw lovin i pawisa kha han chhiar chhin teh” a ti a. Kan dam khawchhuah nana pawimawh leh tul hmasa zawk aia sum leh pai kan ngaihpawimawh hmasak zawk hi chuan kan khawvel hian a chhiat belh zel dawn a ni.

Environment humhalh nana inzirtirna lar tak chu “three R” an tih mai – Reduce, Reuse leh Recycle te hi a ni a, heng bakah hian thalai ten kan tih theih tam tak a awm awm e.

4.1 Mamawh tih tlem (Reduce):

Kan mamawh tih tlem leh ningnawi tih tlem hi environment humhalhna tha taka ni. Kan mamawh siamchhuahnan hian tha leh tui, natural resource tam tak hman ral thin a ni a, ningnawi kan ngah hian a lo thlawnin kan natural resource te kan khawhral tihna a ni bawk. Chu chuan environment-ah a pawi zawngin nghawng a nei nasa hle a ni.

4.2 Hman nawn (Reuse):

Hman hnu hman nawn theih thil kan hman nawn hram hram hi a pawimawh hle. A bik takin tawihral mai theilo thil – sarang leh plastic te phei chu hman nawn a theih chhung hman nawn a tha.

4.3 Tuai thar (Recycle):

Kan hmanrua leh bungraw neih tam tak hi tuai thara, siam rema, her rem theih thil a ni a, chutiang thildanga siam theih emaw, her rem theih emaw, tuai thar theih emaw chu kan tuai thar zel a pawimawh hle. Motor ke (tyre) chhia hmangin bal-tin te, pangpar khawina leh hrui te an siama, eizawn nan hial te an hmang a. KTP te pawhin sumtuaknan lehkhachhia te kan khawna, kan hralha, lehkhapuanah bawk an lo tuai thar leh a, chutiang zelin tuai thara siam rem theih loh hi tlem te chauh a ni.

4.4 Lakchhuah (Recover):

Environment humhalhna chungchangah hian 3R hi nasa taka sawi thin a ni a, tunhnaiah hian “R” palina “Recover” hi inzirtir chhoh leh mêk a ni bawk. Hnawmhnawk kan neih hrang hrang te zinga mi, hman tlem theih ngawt si loh, hmannawn theih bawk si loh leh tuai thar theih chuang si loh te tangkai zawka hman theih dan kawng a ni ber awm e. Heng hnawm kan neih hoah hian chakna (energy) lakchhuah theihna atanga lakchhuah (eg. Bio-gas) dan kawng hi dapa, hmalak theih a ni.

4.5 Chin dawklak kan inenfiahna tur te:

Ramdang thlai leh ran (pet), exotic variety kan lalut nasa hian kan rama tualto leh awm sa te nasa takin a nghawng bawk. Hei hi a pawi theih zia kan ngiahtuah vak lo hlawm niin a lang. Kan than harh a hun viau a ni. Hnamdang kan huata, kan ngaihmawh teh lul nen hian ramdang thlai leh ran te erawh kan ngaisang viau lawia. Kan rama thlai leh ran te hian an haw ve ngawtin a rinawm!

Bawlhhlawh paih leh sawngbawl dan hi hma kan sawnna tur pawimawh tak a ni. Khawlaia leh kawrkama bawlhlawh paih mai mai te, hawina lam apianga kuhva funna leh cigarette kawr leh zial bung thehthlak te, lirthei atanga thil eina ningnawi theh thlak mai mai te hi kan sim a hun hle.

Kohhran, KTP leh chianti-thatni-a kan leklam tak, Thermocole kan tih mai “Styrofoam” disposable item kan hman dan chungchangah hian kan fimkhura, kan uar loh tial tial a tul viau bawk. Styrofoam te hi a tawih ral ve theiloa, a zan em avangin thliin a chhem leng nasa a, a hnawksak leh zual; sarang leh plastic te tluk zetin a hnawksak chho tan niin a lang.

4.6 Ramngaw humhalh

Environment enkawlna kawnga englai pawha pawimawh reng, a ki pui chu ramngaw humhalh hi a ni. Ramngaw ti riraltuah hian loneitu te chauh hi kan puh fo thina, ngaihtuahna thar kan sen a tul viau. Ram hmasawnna in a hrin, kawngpui tha te, hmasawnna ruh rel building lian leh khir pui pui te, factory tena ramngaw an tihchereu nasat zia te, Insakna hmanrua leh Inchhung mamawh siam nana ngaw kan thiah nasat zia hian sawi a hlawh lo fo thin. Ramngaw chereu loh theih dana ei kan zawn thiam a pawimawh. Thing phun leh enkawl puitlin hi kan tih tur pawimawh tak a ni.

Tlipna

Pathianin he lei hi mihringte chenna tlak turin ni 6 chhung a buatsaih lawk a. Chumi niruk chhung chuan mihring te mamawh tur a dah kim vek a ni tih Gen 1 & 2-ah te kan hmu a. Chutiang taka uluka Pathianin a duan kan enkawl dan leh kan hman dan erawhin ngaihtuah a ti thui tak zet a ni. Hnam mawl apiangin Pathian kutchhuak te an ngaihluin an zaha, hnam fing leh hmasawn inti apiangin an duh danin an chinglet vel niin a lang. Sam ziaktu chuan “Ramhnuaia sa tinreng hi ka ta asin, Tlang tina cheng ramsate pawh ka ta a ni. Tlanga sava tinrengte pawh ka hria a, Thil nung zawng zawng pawh ka ta a ni” (Sam 50:10 & 11) a ti a. Pathian thilsiam zinga chungnungber, mihring te hian Pathian ta kan enkawl a ni tih inhre thar leh ila, a siamtu leh a dintu zahna nen kan environment hi i enkawl ang u.

Sawiho tur te:

Environment humhalh kawngah engtin nge KTP ten hma kan lak ang?
Thilsiam tinreng te hi inmamawh tawna inpeng tawn theuh kan ni tih hi kan pawm em? (Pawm/pawm loh chhan sawi ni se)
Thilsiam dangte laka kan mawhphurhna hi hlen tha tawkin kan inhria em?

[For Maubawk Bial KTP – 30.07.2017]

CLIMATE CHANGE CHUNGCHANG THIL PAHNIH

“Climate is what we expect; weather is what we get” [Mark Twain]

Sik leh sa (Climate) hi a danglam fo va, khawvel inher dan avang te leh khuarel thil thleng hrang hrang avangin a danglam ve fo thin. Kum zabi 21-na chhoah hian sik leh sa danglam dan hi a nasa zual niin mithiam ten an sawi thin. Chutih rual chuan mi thenkhatte chuan “Political propaganda thar mai mai a ni lo maw? Sik leh sa te chu hman ata tawh a danglam chho ve reng lo’m ni?” An ti ve bawk.

Khawvel chanchin kan thlir chuan Climate change hi a thleng fo tih chu a chiang reng a. Geological time scale hrang hranga ice age an tih te hi Climate change vanga awm a ni a, khawvel inher dan phung tura Pathianin a lo ruahman lawk (natural cycle) anga a kal chuan Climate change hian thil nung (nungchate leh thlai lam chi hrim hrim) a nghawng dan hi a zia awm thei a, a chhan chu zawi muang a thleng a nih avangin nungchate an lo insiamrem theih vang a ni (adaptation).

Tuna mithiam ten an buaipui sik leh sa danglam erawh hi chu a rangin a chak êm êm a, khuarel kalphung pangai piahlama chak leh rang a nih avangin nungcha te leh mihringte ngei pawhin insiamrem kan harsat a. Tin, a nghawng a nat êm avang leh khawvel pum a nghawng avangin buaina a thuahhnih a, he harsatna hian ziaawm lam aiin zual lam a pan zel bawk avangin he khawvel hi chhe maithei dinhmunah a ding mêk a ni.

Khawvel ram hrang hranga thing leh thlai, ramsa leh nungcha insem darh dan te pawh hi sik leh sain a nghawng a ni thui hle a. Sik leh sa, ram leilung a zirin thlai a insem darha, chumi ei tur nungcha a awm leh a, chung nungcha te ei tur chu nungcha dang a awm chhawng leh thin. Tun tumah hian sik leh sa danglam avanga thlai leh nungcha ten an tawrh tur lam emaw, chumiin a nghawng chhawng leh lam emaw, hri a lo pun theih dan emaw lam ni lovin, sorkar inrelbawlna leh kalphung thlenga nghawng theih dan kawng hnih lek kan thlir dawn a ni.

Climate change refugee

Genesis-ah chuan Pathianin Nova hnenah tui a let tawh loh tur thu chhinchhiah nan chhimbal a hman thu kan hmu a. Kristian tan chuan tui let emaw, tuifinriat chim chin sang emaw hi awih harsa tak a ni maithei. Khawvel sik leh sa danglam zel avangin chhim tawp leh hmar tawpa vur te a tui ral mêk a. Vur tuiin tuifinriat chim chin a tihsan chhoh zel avangin khawmual a chim chho tan a, kum têlin a zual zel bawk si avangin mithiam ten mutmawh hnar mawhah an nei a ni. Nova hunlaia tuilêt ang êm a nasa chu a ni kher lo maithei, mahse tun aia tuifinriat chim chin hi feet khat emaw leka a san vaih chuan khawvel chawkbuai thei khawpa tihbaiawm a nih avangin ngaihthah mai chi a ni lo.

Tuifinriat chim chin lo sang zel hian nasa takin nghawng a nei dawn a. A bikin tuipui kama cheng te phei chu a nghawng nasa zual dawn a ni. Ram changkang an ni emaw, ram thanglai an ni emaw tuipui kam, tuifinriat kama awm tawh phawt chu pakhatmah a zuah dawn lo. London-a Thames luikama tuikhuahna bangpui an siam pawh hian kum 2030 thleng chauh Lodon khawpui hi a chhanhim thei dawn niin an chhut bawk. Tuipui kama mihring te chenna leh ramngaw te chu tuifinriat chim chin sang hian a chim vek dawn avangin, In leh lo chenna tur neilo an pung dawna, eizawnna neilo an pung dawn bawka, ramngaw a chereu phah dawn bawk. Chuvang chuan “Climate refugee” an tih tam tak an awm phah dawn a ni.

Thliarkara cheng te phei chuan nasa lehzuala an tawrh dawn avangin UN chuan kum 2014-a World Environment day thupuiah pawh “Raise your voice not the sea level” tih thlangin, nasa takin Climate change chungchang hi a lo tlangau pui nghe nghe tawh a nih kha. Zirmiten an chhut dan chuan tuifinriata thliarkar te hi karlovah a tuiin chim pil mai dawn niin an chhut a. Pacific tuifinriat chhim lama thliarkar ram pakhat Tuvalu chuan an hmabak hi an chiang hle a, kum 1998 atang khan ram hrang hrangah zualkoin an khua leh tui, tuifinriat chim chin sang zelin a tihbuai te, tana pem phalsak turin a ngen a. New Zeland chuan kumkhatah Tuvalu khua leh tui mi 75 zel an rama pem luh a phalsaka, kum 30 chhung kalpui turin an inbuatsaih mêk a ni.

Tun anga khawvela a lum zel a, sik leh sa a mumalloh chhoh zel chuan tun kum zabi (21^st century) laihawl velah hi chuan Bangladesh ram hmun ruk a thena hmun khat, za-a sawmpathum, chu tuiin a chim pil dawn nia chhut a ni a, chumi chhunga cheng mihring maktaduai tam tak te chu loh theihlohva an insuan a ngai dawn a. Ram dangah an pem emaw, anmahni ram chhung hmun dangah emaw an insuan a ngai dawn tihna a ni a, an ram sorkarin ruahmanna a siam thei bawk.

Chu tak chu India ram, a bikin Bangladesh ramri-a awm, State te hi an tuartu kan ni ve thei ngei dawnin a lang. Heng Climate refugee te hian Mizoram chu an rawn thleng pha kherlo maithei, mahse, Climate refugee te khawthlang atanga khawchhak lama rawn tawlh chho zelin Mizoram hnaih lam Bangladesh-a chêng, hnam chekhnawk zawk te hi an nêk chhuak ngeiin a rinawm. Chu’ng miten an nekchhuah te tlanna hnai ber tur chu Mizoram hi a ni tlat. Nêk an nih hma pawha an duh duha Mizoram leh Bangladesh an kar tawn theih lai hian nêkna leh engemaw boaruak deuh hnuaiah chuan an rawn luh zut zut hi a rinawm tak zet a ni. He thil hi ngaihtuah ngun ngai tak a ni. Sorkar hian tun atanga hma a lak chhoh tan a tul viauin a lang.

Land Use System – Policy

Indopui pahnihnain a hrinchhuah pawimawh tak chu “National Forest Policy 1952” a ni a. Ram venhim nan Ramngaw tha neih a lo tul zia an hrechhuak a ni. Chumi kal zelah chuan kum 1988 khan National Forest Policy 1952 chu thlirnawnin, saimthat ngai te siamthain National Forest Policy 1988 chu duan a ni leh ta a. NFP 1988 hian hmathlir thui tak neiin, phai zawlah ramngaw 30% leh tlangramah ramngaw 60% turin a duang a. Chumi chu chak lehzual rawn kengkawhin Tlangramah, keimahni huan ngei ngei a mi pawh thing kan duh anga kan lak a rem ta lova, sorkar phalna lak hmasak zel a lo ngai ta a ni.

Sik leh sa danglam zel hi a venna tha ber chu ramngaw humhalh a ni a. Kum 1988-a ramngaw za 60 kha nakin lawkah chuan kan kham khawp tawh dawn lo tih a chiang hle. Chumiin a nghawng tur lian tak chu ei leh bar zawnna kawng a ni a, ram leilung kan hman dan nasa takin a nghawng dawn a ni.

Nasa lehzuala ramngaw humhalh a tul a, chutih rual chuan phai lam mite nun dawng dah leh hmasawnna nia an ngaih, khawvel tichhe mek si avanga keinin kan ram kan duh ang leh kan mamawh anga kan hmang theilo thin lai hi thil runthlak ber mai chu a ni! National standard tlin tum avanga inhruatrual hmuk mai te, National Standard aia sang zawk fe (State of Forest Report 2015 in a tarlan danin tuna Mizoram forest cover area hi 91.47% a ni) nei mêk te tana hamthatna emaw, inhriatthiamna emaw a awm chuang miahlo hi huan neitu tam tak te rumna thlentu a ni. Sik leh sa hi khawvel pumah hetiang zel a a danglam a nih chuan tuna min khuahkhirh dan aia nasa hian min khuahkhirh dawn a ni tih hi thil chiang tak a ni.

Phaia cheng, mihausa te leh Sorkara tlatlum tak tak, sumdawng (corporate) lianhoin ‘development’ hming chhala an vela ramngaw an tih chereu avang te, hmasawnna ni a an ngaih nawmsakna thil hrang hrangin kan khawvel a nghawng chhe mêk a, chumi beih leta, tih ziaawm nan keini tlangram a mi te min hmang zel a. Zawnga tuar ai Ngauin kan tuar a ni.

Climate change avangin kan Land Use system hi kan ram mil nilovin, phai ram mila min her rem sak an tum dawn. A mi chenga te ngaihtuah lem lovin Land Use system thar an duang leh anga, chumi mil chuan tanpuina sum an tawk tarh anga, mahni inchawm zo lo state, Mizoram te ang chuan sum hmuhna tur a nih phawt chuan an duan ang ang lo zawm ve mai kha kan tum leh dawn a. Mizorama thlai leh resource kan neihsa hnualsuatin ram dang a mi kan chaw lut leh dawn tihna a ni a. Chu chu mirethei te thawhtir an tum leh anga, an bel ta maw tihah funding a tawp an ti leh anga, mi beidawng an pung leh dawn tihna a ni.

“Zamindari system kan hlat lo” tiin Revenue Minister-in tum engemaw zat a sawi tawh. Mi hausa, ram zau tak tak nei, hmun hrang hranga ram engemaw zat nei hi an kat nuk mai. Chung ho avang chuan vantlang ram a lo tlem taa, lo nei mi te tan lo a neih tur ram a lo zim ta a, ram a lên chhung a lo tawi ta tial tial a, chuvang chuan a ngaiah an kual an kual taa, an tharchhuah a tlem sawta, tha an pek tam lehzual a ngaih phah bawk. Mihausa ten ram an ngah tawlh tawlha, vantlang ram a tlem tawlh tawlha, ramngaw humhalhna a nasat tawlh tawlh chuan a tuar tur hnaivai ber te chu lo neia eizawngtu te an ni.

Hitech farming hi Mizoramah hian uar tum viau bawk mah ila, ram neilo, vantlang ram kum khat emaw lek lek atana lo a nei hawh hi an tam hle, chungho tan chuan huan nghet tih luklak hi chu Vana rah ang a ni. Leitha mamawh nasa tak, a bik taka enkawl ngai chi thlai min kawhhmuha, a thar hlawk thu leh a man zia thu te; mahse chu’ng ho enkawl puitlinga thar hlawk tur chuan thiamna leh hmanrua chi hrang hrang a ngai a, sum telloa neih a harsa hle bawk. Chung nei thei te chu mihausa ho bawk an ni leh dawna, miretheite ban phakah chuan a awm leh hauh lovang.

Mihausa ten an buaipui hat tawh chu Sorkar pawhin a ngaipawimawh leh lo thei dawn lo a, policy thar eng eng emaw, mirethei te thleng pha silo a hring chhuak leh dawn tihna a ni. Climate change -in mirethei te – ram hna thawka eizawng te leh chhuanchham chhungkua te a nghawng dan hi a nasa zual dawn hle a ni.

Tlipna

Khawvela sorkar hrang hrang te hi inlungrual se, tihtakzetin bei se, khawvel ti lumtu Carbon pe chhuak tlem zawngin ke pen se tih chu Climate change lam zir mite duhthusam, tihhlawhtlin harsa tak si a ni a. India sorkar pawhin Ministry of Environment & Forest tih thin chu Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEF&CC) tiin kumin atangin a thlak taa, sik leh sa danglam nasa lutuk siam dik turin ke a pen ve mêk bawk. Chutih rual chuan India sorkar thupek anga duan, State Action Plan on Climate change (SAPCC), Mizoram (2010 – 2015)-ah pawh a chunga kan tarlan point hnih te khi ngaih pawimawh a ni lem lo. Tin, he Action plan hi kan hman hmain a hun a ral chu a ni ta der mai bawk a.

Mizoram bak ram kan nei loa, ILP leh kan inhungbingna dangin a ven theihloh thil kan hmachhawn mek beilet tur emaw, chumi laka kan lo inven theih dan tur emaw lo ngaihtuah chhuah hi a tul tawh takzet a ni.

– David C. Vanlalfakawma

[Sabereka Khuangkaih September 2016 issue-ah tihchhuah a ni]